Tuesday, August 25, 2020

A Comparison of Piaget, Freud, and Erikson Essay Example For Students

A Comparison of Piaget, Freud, and Erikson Essay A Comparison of Piaget, Freud, and EriksonbyRandy HartenstinePsychology 1513-51Extra Credit PaperApril 8, 1999Hartenstine 1The field of brain research has become regarded as a science. Objectivity and the logical strategy are both piece of the therapists method of activity. Notwithstanding, even the best of clinicians can just hypothesize about what makes people act the manner in which they do. Absolutes are not part of brain science. Everything is relative and open to hypothesis. Scholars give us their perspectives or thoughts regarding life. In the field of brain research, there have been a wide range of territories of intrigue. Human improvement is one of the most well known territories of enthusiasm for the individuals who study brain research. Freud, Erikson, and Piaget are on the whole extraordinary scholars with various thoughts concerning human turn of events. Every scholar created thoughts and stages for human turn of events. Their hypotheses on human advancement had people going through various stages. Every hypothesis varied on what these stages were. These hypotheses additionally varied with their regard towards paradigmatic presumptions, learning and advancement, and relationship towards instructive practice. Freud is known as the dad of brain research. Albeit a portion of his work has been excused, its vast majority despite everything holds weight in the realm of brain research today. Freud accepted that internal powers energized human turn of events. He accepted the most remarkable of every inward power was our sexual being. Freud connected everything with sex. This incorporates any real joy at all. Accordingly, when Freud talks about the sexual needs of youngsters, they are not the Hartenstine 2same sort of sexual needs that a grown-up would understanding. Kids experienced sexual satisfaction in various manners. Sucking their thumbs or holding their waste could be viewed as sexual satisfaction for little kids. Freud likewise indicated certain regions of our body as erogenous zones. Those territories incorporated the mouth and private parts. This all fit in to Freuds fixation on sex. A fixation that could be connected to the period that Freud lived in. It was a traditionalist period eve r. Sexual emotions were regularly subdued. Freuds hypothesis on human improvement could be named the psychosexual phases of advancement. Freud accepted people went through various stages throughout their life dependent on which part of their body delighted them. Freuds psychosexual phases of improvement are five altogether. The Oral stage happens from birth to around one year. During this stage, a kid is orally arranged. The mouth is the childs erogenous zone. Everything a youngster contacts is placed in his mouth. Freud accepts kids do this since it gives them delight. At the point when a youngster sucks his thumb, it does so in light of the fact that it delights them. As indicated by Freud, the satisfaction is sexual. The second stage in Freuds psychosexual advancement hypothesis happens between the ages of two and three years old. The erogenous zone shifts area, subsequently moving starting with one phase then onto the next. The second erogenous zone in Freuds phases of human adv ancement is the butt-centric locale. Freud trusts childrenHartenstine 3experience sexual satisfaction during solid discharges and when they retain defecations. A few youngsters may even experience delight taking care of, taking a gander at, or considering their own excrement. When the Anal phase of improvement has been finished, the following phase of advancement for Freud is the Phallic Stage. This typically happens at around three years old. The move in erogenous zones moves from the butt-centric area to the genital organs. This stage is otherwise called the Oedipal Stage of psychosexual turn of events. This name originates from the unbelievable ruler, Oedipus, who murdered his dad and wedded his mom. During this stage, kids check out their sexual organs. Before long they notice contrasts and likenesses among themselves and their folks. Each sex needs to be with the parent of the other sex, for young ladies this is alluded to as theelektra complex. When the kids acknowledge they c an not be with their mom or father, they relate to the parent of a similar sex. The following stage is known as the phase of Latency. An absence of progress or nonattendance of erogenous zones portrays this stage. After the acknowledgment that the youngster can not be with a parent explicitly, the kid moves its consideration regarding same-sexed connections. Young men will move their sexual inclinations and drives to something satisfactory, for example, sports. This is a period of relative quiet. The last phase of Freuds psychosexual improvement is the Genital Stage. The erogenous zone returns in a very powerfulHartenstine 4way in the genital organs. This stage happens from adolescence into adulthood. Genuine sexual want and sexual connections mark this stage. Erikson took Freuds thoughts and improved them. He included stages for the grown-up years. He likewise moved his consideration regarding character instead of sexuality. Erikson built up the psychosocial phases of improvement. He is known for his eight phases of life. Eriksons first stage is during earliest stages. It manages trust versus doubt. The kid builds up a point of view and whether the world can be trusted or not. The kid creates trust if the guardians give the kid something it can depend on. As indicated by Erikson, the youngster builds up a feeling of hopefulness or negativity during this stage. The following stage in Eriksons psychosocial advancement is during youth and is known as independence versus disgrace and uncertainty. The kid gets self-sufficient and acknowledges he can say yes or no. This stage will decide if a kid builds up a feeling of self-assurance. Eriksons next stage happens during the ages of three to six years. This stage is set apart by activity versus blame. This stage is significant in building up the childs feeling of big business. The kid creates activity when evaluating new things and isn't frightened of fizzling. The fourth phase of Eriksons formative hypothesis happen s at around six years old and endures till pubescence. This stage manages industry Hartenstine 5 versus inadequacy. The kid learns abilities of the way of life and must arrangement with sentiments of inadequacy. Puberty realizes the following stage for Erikson. This stage is known for personality versus character disarray. During this stage, Erikson accepts teenagers must build up a feeling of mindfulness or knowing what their identity is. They build up a feeling of character. The 6th stage for Erikson is known for closeness versus disengagement. Who can overlook the fires bursting over neighborhood buildi EssayHartenstine 9Work CitedCoon, Dennis. Prologue to Psychology: Exploration andApplication, seventh Edition. Minnesota: West PublishingCompany, 1995. Freud, Sigmund. The Basic Writings of Sigmund Freud. Brill, A. A.: Dodd, Mead and Company, Inc., July 1979. Piaget, Jean, et al. The Psychology of The Child. Berkeley andLos Angeles: University of California Press, Ltd., 1972.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Potential Impact Of Online Sales To The Company Marketing Essay

Potential Impact Of Online Sales To The Company Marketing Essay Our Company, Houston Incorporated has chosen to venture into online deals. The objective is to keep on selling our items in the retail locations situated all through the United States yet in addition set up a nearness on the World Wide Web. Your organization has as of late chose to venture into online deals. The organization wishes to keep on selling its items in the retail locations situated all through the United States openings accessible for retail deals and give a report to your director which incorporates the focal points and hindrances if showcasing on the web, As Marketing Manager, I was entrusted to explore web based promoting openings accessible for retail deals. This report traces the preferences and weaknesses of web advertising, the potential effect of online deals to the organization, and the necessities for a fruitful web based showcasing effort. Showcasing and selling products online electronically is made conceivable by programming programs that execute the principle elements of a web based business application. This delicate empowers item show, web based requesting, and internet handling. Internet showcasing envelops both e-business and web based business. Internet business run of the mill alludes to exchanges including the trading of cash, for example, offering items to clients. E-business is a more extensive term that incorporates furnishing clients with portrayals and particulars for a given item. Internet showcasing offer numerous points of interest as this report will appear. Having a nearness on the World Wide Web offers the chance to arrive at clients on a national level as well as internationally. Working together multi day a week and 24 hours daily is a reality with internet advertising. The get-together and examination of data assemble by means of internet promoting is conceivable. This data can be utilized to improve promoting systems both on the web and in conventional retail fragment. The points of interest far exceed the impediments. Increment deals, expanded brand acknowledgment combined with the minimal effort of working on the web prompts increment income. These are just a couple of the general effect of internet showcasing. Executing an exhaustive internet advertising plan envelops for all intents and purposes indistinguishable procedures and techniques from customary showcasing. It likewise requires the foundation of a site for item show, web based requesting, and online installment frameworks to process installments. The choice to venture into online deals is legitimized by this exploration. Venture into online deals is a considerably more financially savvy mean of developing the organization. The suggested model is incorporation of the conventional retail portion with the new online arm. This is contrary to setting up an absolutely online business. The present advertising techniques can be adjusted to incorporate the online portion and used to advance the site. Presentation The web is turning into the town square for the worldwide town of tomorrow. That statement was credited to Bill Gates, Cofounder of Microsoft. Tomorrow has come and as per an article on Reuters site, Online retail deals in the United States could reach $248.7 billion by 2014, growing 60 percent from 2009. As Marketing Manager, my main responsibility is to do statistical surveying and create advertise procedures. This report will layout the points of interest and burdens if showcasing on the web, the focal points and hindrances if promoting on the web, the potential effect of online deals to the organization, and the prerequisites for a fruitful web based advertising effort. The objective of web based advertising, like conventional promoting, is to impart and offer some incentive to the client and oversee associations with clients that advantage the organization and partners. Internet advertising incorporates both e-business and web based business. Web based businesses ordinary alludes to exchanges including the trading of cash, for example, offering items to clients. E-business is a more extensive term that incorporates giving clients depictions and determinations for a given item. Showcasing and selling merchandise online electronically is made conceivable by programming programs that execute the principle elements of an internet business application. This delicate empowers item show, web based requesting, and online installment handling. The benefits of web based showcasing, including the capacity to arrive at a bigger market, far exceed the burdens. Web based offering will in general be serious and may require lower valuing. This is one of only a handful scarcely any drawbacks. Foundation of an all inclusive nearness and expanded deals are ways that the organization can be affected. Nonetheless, having a web nearness doesn't ensure achievement. It requires a thorough advertising procedure planned for drawing in new clients to our site. Internet showcasing has its own procedure and devices that add to the accomplishment of advertising objectives and goals. . Research Findings Points of interest: Like customary business, web based advertising presents numerous focal points and inconveniences. In any case, the upsides of web based promoting altogether exceed its burdens. Internet showcasing can extend the geographic reach of the organization by getting to clients in business sectors where the organization doesn't have a physical nearness. In the online business world, working together around the world, 7 days per week, 24 hours daily is a reality. (Hossein Bidgoli, 2002) Online Marketing or internet business makes the capacity to sell practically any item that can be sold in a customary retail condition. Evenings, ends of the week, occasions, and time zones are no obstructions to web based business. Web based promoting can likewise arrive at clients that for different reasons can not by and by visit a conventional retail location. Another preferred position of internet business is the capacity to accumulate extra data about the client by means of devices, for example, treats, email, and online studies. This data can be utilized to customize showcasing endeavors in a manner that can prompt higher exchange volumes. Web based business likewise gives expanded adaptability to clients. Clients can make buys without leaving the solace of their homes. The client doesn't need to manage the problem of stopping or the concern of losing contact with their little youngsters introduced by customary retail techniques. Shopping assignments can be practiced from the wellbeing of their homes with a couple of snaps of a mouse. Obviously, expanded deals are the main thing individuals thing about when they think about online market. Statistical surveying shows that online deals are drifting up regardless of the current discouraged retail showcase. . Income created by online organizations and the online piece of customary retail organizations surpass $96 billion out of 2006, up from $86 billion out of 2004, as per the U.S. Statistics Bureau. An additional bit of leeway of web based showcasing is diminished expense. Customary retail organizations have overhead costs that related with web based showcasing. These incorporate utilities, protection, store rent, and work. Lower overhead expense for the most part bring about lower by and large expense and expanded income. Along these lines, online extension will give the organization an all inclusive nearness at a relative minimal effort. Inconveniences: Internet shopping isn't alluring to all buyers. They refer to the loss of social contact experienced when shopping with others. While numerous scientists don't perceive any central contrasts between the conventional and web based purchasing conduct, it is frequently contended that another progression has been added to the web based purchasing process: the progression of building trust or certainty. (Constantinides, 2004) Many buyers are worried about the protection and security issues related with working together on the web. Practically 95% of Web clients have declined to give individual data to Web locales one after another or another when inquired. (Otto Chung, 2000) Credit card extortion, undesirable sales, and utilization of their data for other than its expected intention are a couple of the reasons refered to. The trouble in drawing in clients is another disservice to web based showcasing. That, combined with expanded rivalry because of the simplicity of similar shopping extra ordinarily diminishes the engaging quality of web based advertising. Online customers can rapidly get to data from other online organizations and settle on better choices. Actually, a few sites are structured exclusively for that reason. Thusly, web based evaluating is extremely serious. Also, internet advertising doesn't manage the cost of the purchasers the advantage of looking at and figuring out the quality and attack of product sold on the web and for the most part require the dealer to have liberal return and discount approaches. The absence of after deals administration is another worry of online customers. Time likewise is an issue with web based advertising in that buyers can't take quick ownership of their buys and are confronted with included cost for quicker conveyance. Potential effect of online deals to the organization: The best effect on the organization might be the foundation of an internationally nearness. This implies organization development at relative minimal effort. . Internet advertising doesn't require the overhead expense related with keeping up a physical store. This outcomes in lower cost, expanded productivity and more prominent overall revenue. Another potential effect, online deals increments in-store deals. Having an online nearness prompts expanded brand acknowledgment and subsequently prompts expanded in-store deals. On the other hand, not having an online nearness implies loss of potential important clients. Internet advertising makes the chance to associate with clients. Trade of data encourages item and procedure improvement and can prompt more noteworthy consumer loyalty. It likewise takes into consideration more noteworthy adaptability in that site data, for example, value, item accessibility, and advancement can be promptly balanced because of economic situations. Data accu mulated by means of online deals data can be utilized while thinking about future development of the conventional retail activities. Prerequisites for an effective internet promoting effort Creating

Wednesday, August 5, 2020

MeisterTask Provides Visibility Without Micromanagement for CAD Managers - Focus

MeisterTask Provides Visibility Without Micromanagement for CAD Managers - Focus Computer Aided Design (CAD) managers wear many hats. Beside their various managerial responsibilities, such as workload scheduling and managing staff, their days are filled with reviewing drawings, building standards, troubleshooting CAD-related issues and more. To stay on top of all these tasks and keep upper management in the loop without any extra effort, CAD managers can use MeisterTask. What Is MeisterTask? MeisterTask is a an intuitive online task manager that visualizes tasks in Kanban-style project boards. CAD managers can share projects with staff for easy task assigning, as well as with upper management, to provide them with a bird’s-eye view of everything that’s going on. “CAD managers and admins wear many different hats and usually end up doing a ton of different things on any given day,” explains Jisell Howe, AutoCAD Certified CAD Administrator at Uponor. “That’s why my boss suggested I look into using an app that would provide more visibility to that.” BIM/CAD Managers: are you looking for a way to bring visibility with what you do on a day to day basis to Upper Management? Check out @meistertask . Its free and produces an easy to use kanban board. Visibility without the micromanagement ?? â€" Jisell Howe, CDT (@ji5ell) November 21, 2018 After doing some research, Jisell quickly settled on MeisterTask. “I love the Kanban card system because I can drag and drop cards to different sections based on where a task is at any point,” she explains. “I also like how each card represents a task/idea, and that supporting details can all be stored inside those cards. This way, Im able to show things at a big picture level, while I can focus on the task at hand. Its easy to implement and maintain. Its great!” In contrast to other Kanban-based task managers, MeisterTask not only visualizes workflows but also automates them. Here are a few examples of task automations CAD managers can set up: Get notified via Slack or email when a new drawing is ready for review Start the time tracking when a task is moved into the “In Progress” section Send an email to upper management when a task has been completed Automatically assign tasks to responsible team members Ready to get started? MeisterTask Basic is free to use and offers unlimited projects, tasks and collaborators. To get automations, integrations, and other power features, you can upgrade to one of MeisterTask’s premium plans anytime. Made for CAD ManagersGet Visibility Without Micromanagement Try MeisterTask Free Try MeisterTask MeisterTask Provides Visibility Without Micromanagement for CAD Managers - Focus Computer Aided Design (CAD) managers wear many hats. Beside their various managerial responsibilities, such as workload scheduling and managing staff, their days are filled with reviewing drawings, building standards, troubleshooting CAD-related issues and more. To stay on top of all these tasks and keep upper management in the loop without any extra effort, CAD managers can use MeisterTask. What Is MeisterTask? MeisterTask is a an intuitive online task manager that visualizes tasks in Kanban-style project boards. CAD managers can share projects with staff for easy task assigning, as well as with upper management, to provide them with a bird’s-eye view of everything that’s going on. “CAD managers and admins wear many different hats and usually end up doing a ton of different things on any given day,” explains Jisell Howe, AutoCAD Certified CAD Administrator at Uponor. “That’s why my boss suggested I look into using an app that would provide more visibility to that.” BIM/CAD Managers: are you looking for a way to bring visibility with what you do on a day to day basis to Upper Management? Check out @meistertask . Its free and produces an easy to use kanban board. Visibility without the micromanagement ?? â€" Jisell Howe, CDT (@ji5ell) November 21, 2018 After doing some research, Jisell quickly settled on MeisterTask. “I love the Kanban card system because I can drag and drop cards to different sections based on where a task is at any point,” she explains. “I also like how each card represents a task/idea, and that supporting details can all be stored inside those cards. This way, Im able to show things at a big picture level, while I can focus on the task at hand. Its easy to implement and maintain. Its great!” In contrast to other Kanban-based task managers, MeisterTask not only visualizes workflows but also automates them. Here are a few examples of task automations CAD managers can set up: Get notified via Slack or email when a new drawing is ready for review Start the time tracking when a task is moved into the “In Progress” section Send an email to upper management when a task has been completed Automatically assign tasks to responsible team members Ready to get started? MeisterTask Basic is free to use and offers unlimited projects, tasks and collaborators. To get automations, integrations, and other power features, you can upgrade to one of MeisterTask’s premium plans anytime. Made for CAD ManagersGet Visibility Without Micromanagement Try MeisterTask Free Try MeisterTask

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Sexual Harassment Is Not A New Problem - 1948 Words

The behavior of sexual harassment occurring in general and specifically in a school environment is not a new problem. In the 2002 survey from the American Association of University, Women (AAUW), eighty-five percent of students surveyed they were harassed (Bates 8). While in the 2010-2011 school year of 7-12 graders survey from the AAUW, forty-eight percent of students surveyed they experienced some form of sexual harassment (AAUW 11). Shockingly, this shows sexual harassment is still happening at a high rate, and the effects of it are unnecessary because it can be prevented. Since sexual harassment is still arising, students are continuing to be affected. Some examples are, sexual harassment has affected students from benefiting from†¦show more content†¦There are variations of conduct which includes verbal, nonverbal, or physical (OCR 3). Out of this conduct, the behavior can be criminal in nature such as rape (OCR 4). When sexual harassment is against the law, the authori ty must be contacted and reported. There are two types of sexual harassment that is protected from Title IX which are: â€Å"this for that† and â€Å"hostile environment† (AAWU 7). The type of sexual harassment, â€Å"this for that†, is when someone abuses their power in exchange for something. For example of this type of harassment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ a teacher or administrator, abuses her or his power to coerce a student into sexual activity in exchange for a good grade†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (AAUW 7). This harassment is not common, but is illicit no matter what the circumstance is. â€Å"Hostile environment†, the other type, makes up the majority of sexual harassment which limits a student’s ability to benefit from the schooling provided. This conduct is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ sufficiently, severe, persistent, or pervasive† (AAUW 7), and usually occurs from students to other students. This category of sexual harassment usually begins with adolescence when they en ter puberty (AAUW 7), so sexual harassment especially manifests in middle school and high school. Peer to peer harassment makes up a vast amount of sexual harassment at middle and high schools (AAUW

Monday, May 11, 2020

Essay about The Catcher in the Rye by Holden Caulfied

Coming of age is the transition of a person from childhood to adulthood. The Catcher in the Rye is portrayed through the mind of Holden Caulfield. This book portrays Holden as a maniac because he is recalling his three day story to a psychoanalyst from a mental hospital. Holden is fighting that fine line between being an adult and a child. However, he does not want to grow up and become an adult because of the growing responsibilities that come with being an adult, the loss of innocence associated with growing up, and the phoniness of that comes with growing into an adult. Holden is afraid of growing up because of the growing responsibilities that come with being an adult. This is clearly shown through him failing classes at†¦show more content†¦My parents would be the ones. So that was out,† (Salinger 59). Although his parents have kept shoving Holden away he should have been responsible and called his parents and face his consequences. However, Holden is too afraid of the growing responsibilities that come with growing up. Therefore, Holden does not want to grow up because of the growing responsibilities that come with becoming an adult. In addition, Holden does not want to grow up because of the loss of innocence that is associated with growing up. Throughout the story Holden always shows that he loves children and their innocence. For example, in the beginning when Holden is writing the composition for Stradlater, he describes Allie’s purity. â€Å"He was two years younger than I was, but he was about fifty times as intelligent. He was terrifically intelligent †¦ But it wasnt just that he was the most intelligent member in the family. He was also the nicest, in lots of ways. He never got mad at anybody,† (Salinger 38). Holden describes how pure Allie is by saying how he was fifty times as intelligent he was even though Allie was two years younger than he was. Also, Holden talked about how Allie never got mad at anybody. Even though this could be true, I haven’t seen younger kids not get mad. This shows how he is describing Allie’s purity. Another way Holden shows that he doe s not want to grow up isShow MoreRelatedAmerican Library Association Vs. Salinger s The Catcher s The Rye 1230 Words   |  5 Pages J.D. Salinger’s, The Catcher in the Rye, holds the honor of appearing on â€Å"Time† magazine’s 2010 list of the 100 best English-language novels written since 1923 (Lacayo). In contrast, the American Library Association (ALA) notes that the novel also holds the dubious honor of being the tenth most challenged book in the United States from 1990 to 1999. In 2001, 2005, and 2009 the book again made the ALA top ten most frequently challenged book list (Banned and Challenged Books). In the lightRead MoreThe Secrets of a Teenage Life900 Words   |  4 Pagescharacter Holden Caulfield by both physical actions and expressed emotions in the book The Catcher in the Rye. The overall main message of the book is to express the troubles that are involved with growing up in the adolescence years, to Holden Caulfied, the main charac ter of the book, growing up involves dealing with the phoniness of others and just not caring about much that is expected of life. Many negative effects come out of the adolescence years in the eyes of J.D Salingers, Holden Caulfield

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Is America prepared for another terrorist attack Free Essays

string(159) " Authorities are also experimenting with facial recognition software, though existing versions are of limited use in scanning crowds for suspected terrorists\." Terrorism is one of the disasters feared all over the world. America particularly is most prone to a terrorist attack than any other nation. The government has tried to come up with several measures to ensure they are ready and prepared to counter any terrorist attack that may occur, especially after the unexpected 2001 September 11th attack. We will write a custom essay sample on Is America prepared for another terrorist attack? or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, eight years later, America is still not fully prepared incase of another attack. This term paper addresses the issue of the preparedness of America in dealing with or preventing terrorist attacks. Is America prepared for another terrorist attack? Introduction The threat of terrorist events involving weapons of mass destruction is real. The September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon changed the United States forever, ushering in a host of new and unprecedented realities for the American people, for the intelligence and national security communities, for medical personnel, for private security entities, and perhaps especially for the police, fire, and emergency medical personnel. In particular, police, fire and emergency medical service personnel, the agencies and individuals most likely to be the first responders to possible terrorist attacks, faced compelling demands to adopt new strategies and tactics, to undertake new training, and to view their roles and their work in an entirely different way. This term paper aims at finding out whether the American government has prepared enough to counter another terrorist attack without experiencing the problems encountered in 2001. The police, fire and emergency medical personnel As first responders, police, fire, and emergency medical service personnel are our first line of defense in case of a terrorist attack, but the enormity and complexity of the challenges that they face makes it abundantly clear that they alone cannot bear the responsibility for ensuring our safety. Although first responders play an absolute critical role in homeland security and domestic preparedness, and although a great deal of attention and resources have already been focused on them to counter the terrorist threat, much more needs to be done. Perhaps most important, realistic potential that American people, towns, and cities may again come under attack from terrorist demands that significant system changes occur throughout the range of public agencies and private entities charged with the responsibility of ensuring public safety. For the American government to be fully prepared, it must develop and implement a broader, more coordinated, more cohesive, and more focused approach to terrorism and to weapons of mass destruction and that approach must involve new relationships between and among all of these public agencies and private entities. (Roberts, 2005) The police and the emergency workers who might be called on to respond initially to a nuclear, biological, or chemical event are not adequately trained to deal effectively with those events. This is not to say that most police and emergency workers lack any training in this area. It means that they lack the highly specific training and special expertise required to recognize and deal with many of the complex and unique threats posed by such events. At present, many also lack the special tools, gear, and protective equipment these events may require. Patrol officers, firefighters, and emergency medical service personnel who initially respond to an event involving weapons of mass destruction should not be expected to undertake the specific duties and responsibilities that are better performed by well-equipped and more highly trained specialists. (Lustick, 2006) Since they lack the necessary equipments to deal with the crisis, their primary role should be to recognize the threat, to minimize additional exposure to chemical or biological agents, to ensure safety of victims, to safeguard the scene, and to report their findings to those more competent to deal with these issues. Another primary responsibility is to minimize their own contact with the chemical of biological agent and to provide as much information as possible to ensure the safety and the effectiveness of other responding units. First responders who rush in to a weapons of mass destruction event not only risk death or serious injuries from secondary devices that may have been placed at or near the scene precisely to disable or kill rescuers, but they may also become a significant liability to other victims as well as to other responders if they become contaminated or injured themselves. Such first responders who rush in and become victims may exacerbate the overall problem, consuming precious time and resources. (Mandaville, 2009) Developing capacity to prevent terrorist attacks Surveillance, physical barriers, and advanced technology have played a prominent role in the security improvement efforts explored by most communities since the September 11th terrorist attack. For example, security cameras are keeping watch over banks, embassies, schools, and a variety of other buildings as well as traffic intersections, shopping centers, parks and many other public gathering spaces. The striking image of London subway bombers captured by the cities extensive video surveillance system and a raising sense that similar attacks could happen in the United States are renewing interest in expanding police camera of public places. The London bombings showcased the capabilities of digital video surveillance system when ,after July 7 and July 21, 2005, attacks, authorities quickly produced relatively high resolution images of the suspected bombers that benefited fast moving investigators. However, critics said that the London attacks also highlighted the limitations of camera surveillance: they did not prevent terrorist bombings in the heart of the city. (Forest, 2006) Still, even with suicide bombers, camera surveillance can help with the hunt for the terrorist cells that provide them with crucial logistical support. Emerging technologies offer even greater promise. In 2006, Chicago installed gunshot detection equipment on cameras to automatically alert authorities and point the camera in the direction of the sound. Also, New Jersey Transit has a pilot project in one station that uses computer analysis of video to alert authorities of suspicious behavior, such as someone leaving a package behind. Authorities are also experimenting with facial recognition software, though existing versions are of limited use in scanning crowds for suspected terrorists. You read "Is America prepared for another terrorist attack?" in category "Papers" In San Francisco, the mayors have been noted advocates for expanding the city’s surveillance camera program. (Alexandrov, 1996) Another example of preparedness for a terrorist attack is by the Long Beach Airport in southern Los Angeles County, which has developed a plan to implement a sophisticated wireless video surveillance platform. The airport, an alternative to Los Angeles International Airport hosts major Airlines such as Alaska Airlines, America West Airlines and Jet Blue Airways. The new wireless surveillance system’s purpose is to enable three separate Long Beach Airport security operation centers to simultaneously monitor distant sites, including secured airport areas, public parking lots, and road way tunnels. This system provides a single wireless solution for viewing, storing and managing real-time video from more than 100 cameras, becoming one of the very first wireless surveillance systems to be installed at any airport in the United States. With this integrity, security platform personnel at three locations in Long Beach (the Command and Control Centre, the Security Operations Centre, and the Security Safety Office) will be able to monitor information while viewing live video feeds at the same time from the same computer. (Fawdah etal, 2003) Video surveillance has also become a prominent feature of the nation’s passenger railways. For example, the Washington D. C. , Metro system has partnered with the Department of Homeland Security, Department of Transportation, and the Department of Justice to develop the Program for Response Options and Technology Enhancements for Chemical or Biological Terrorism (PROTECT). PROTECT combines a closed-circuit television (CCTV) system, an operations control centre, and advanced sectors to alert authorities if a terrorist releases a chemical or a biological agent on a subway platform or in a train. Preparing Americans Psychologists are beginning to have a stronger appreciation of the fact that humans are extremely resilient, even in times of crisis. Accordingly, the American government should also try to nurture the quality of resilience in its citizens. More recent work has considered how this concept has relevance, not just for adults, but also for communities, particularly in the wake of a disaster; it is argued that community resilience can be nurtured through readiness, response and recovery phases of a disaster. So, for instance, by minimizing the subject fear of terrorism, the American government can empower its citizens to exert a greater level of confidence in their respective communities’ abilities to anticipate and respond to security threats. Ultimately, in doing so, one of the most potent weapons that terrorists possess -fear- may be squashed. (Rowitz 2005) Its also critical not to install fear in individuals when preparing for disaster, since such individuals generally ignore such messages; additionally, fear arousing information is particularly helpful when followed by practical suggestions as how to address given concerns. Some have argued that the Department of Homeland Security, along with its affiliated Web site(www. ready. gov) has failed to appropriately address individuals’ fears and the ways to nurture resilience by making extreme and often erroneous suggestions (e. g. , encouraging individuals to have a supply of antibiotics on hand) while not addressing events that have a greater likelihood of promoting panic (e. g. , how to get trampled in a crowd should a â€Å"dirty bomb† attack occur). (Ursano, etal 2003) Analysis There is no further need to speculate as to how the American government would likely respond to a terrorist attack, such as the 2001 terrorist attack. It is evident that significant work remains in order to secure the American Homeland incase of an attack or when disaster strikes. The occurrence of Hurricane Katrina was a good indicator of America’s preparedness. By the end of four days or so after Katrina struck, National Guardsmen and supplies started to pour into the city. Most, but not all, residents had been evacuated out of New Orleans and left with very uncertain futures. The rescuers were met unprepared, which led to delays in rescuing the victims. Katrina dramatically revealed the incredible degree to which we are still unable to respond and proactively anticipate disasters. However, that there have been, are, and will likely always be large gaps in protecting the American homeland should not be surprising. In a country as geographically vast as the United states, American needs to appreciate that –regardless of whether politicians may promise-every square inch of this country can not be guarded or protected at all times. Whether in a mall, on a train, at a school or in the work place, most of us are probably well aware that if someone is intent on carrying out a physical harm to others, there is a good probability that such an event will occur. Sadly, there are many instances of deadly violence that have occurred at all of the above locations and others, such as the shooting, rampage that took place in 1993 on the Long Island Railroad or the 1999 Columbine High School Massacre. There is also a difference between acts executed by one by one or two troubled individuals versus those committed by an organized group of individuals such as al Qaeda members. While we can fully eradicate the risk of single terrorists, we can certainly do more to minimize the risk posed by terrorists groups, although this risk too can never be completely eliminated. Conclusion The new realities of terrorism and weapons of mass destruction demand a new set of policies, practices and relationships among and between a host of entities and institutions charged with the responsibility to ensure public safety. The government still has a lot of work to do in readiness of effective response should another terrorist attack occur. As learnt from the experiences and lessons of the September 11th attacks on the world Trade Centre and the Pentagon, police, fire, and emergency medical services face unprecedented challenges in the future, and similar challenges confront virtually every institution in the United States. As seen in this paper, there are a lot of issues, problems and threats posed by the specter of terrorism and terrorists’ use of weapons of mass destruction. This calls for the need for highly coordinated response and recovery planning that integrates resources, skills, personnel, and capabilities of a range of public sector organizations. No plan can pretend to be perfect, there are simply too many unforeseen issues and exigencies that arise in specific events, and the planning must therefore be crafted for flexibility and adaptability. This involves nothing less than a new midst that accepts, accounts for, and takes up the challenges posed by the realities of our world. Recent studies reveal the extent and the dimension of the threat posed by weapons of mass destruction, their availability to terrorists and extremist groups, and the massive casualties that can inflict on public safety personnel and members of the public. These threats are not likely to subside, and in fact may increase. (Ackerman 2007). There is a pressing need for more and better training for the first responders to such events so that they can recognize events involving weapons of mass destructions and so that they can operate safely to minimize deaths, injuries, and damage. Similarly, there’s need for more and better equipment to help rescuers achieve their goals. This calls for a new mindset among emergency workers, and a mindset for of safety and preparedness that infiltrates all their duties and activities. In addition to anticipating and preventing terrorism, Americans need to have a better understanding of the root causes of terrorism. We should not excuse or condone the actions of terrorists. It is also naive logic to presume that terrorists are simply evil individuals and that killing such people will end the security concerns. Individuals such as al Qaeda leaders Osama bin Laden, Ayman Al-Zawahiri, and Abu Musab al-Zarqawi absolutely need to be captured or killed. References 1) Forest James J. F. (2006). Homeland Security: Public spaces and social institutions. Greenwood Publishing Group 2) Roberts Albert R. 3rd edition. (2005). Crisis intervention handbook: assessment, treatment, and research. Oxford University Press US; pg 189-198 3) Rowitz Louis (2005). Public health for the 21st century: the prepared leader. Jones Bartlett Publishers; pg 80-90 4) Lustick Ian (2006). Trapped in the war on terror. University of Pennsylvania Press; pg 8 5) Ackerman Bruce A. (2007). Before the Next Attack: Preserving Civil Liberties in an Age of Terrorism. Yale University Press; pg 114-116 6) Mandaville Michael(2009). Citizen-Soldier Handbook: 101 Ways Every American Can Fight Terrorism. Dog Ear Publishing, 2009; pg 89-95 7) Fawdah Yusri, Fielding Nick. (2003) Masterminds of terror: the truth behind the most devastating terrorist attack the world has ever seen. Arcade Publishing; pg 201 8) Alexandrov Stanimir A. (1996). Self-defense against the use of force in international law; Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; pg 181-183 9) Ursano Robert J. , Fullerton Carol S. , Norwood Ann E. (2003). Terrorism and disaster: individual and community mental health interventions. Cambridge University Press; pg 287 How to cite Is America prepared for another terrorist attack?, Papers

Friday, May 1, 2020

Animal Farm The Significance of Squealer Essay Example For Students

Animal Farm The Significance of Squealer Essay The novel Animal Farm, by George Orwell, is an allegory portraying the dangers of a totalitarian government. It seeks to show how a society where all live completely equal has not been, and cannot be achieved. Orwell, through the use of the character Squealer, shows how propaganda can affect members of a communist society in a negative way. By drawing parallels to events in communist Russia, Orwells Animal Farm illustrates how propaganda was used to control the Soviet people by deceiving them, threatening them and keeping them ignorant in an attempt to maintain order. The story uses simple language to explain and expose the corruption of communist Russia. Throughout the story, Orwell uses Squealer to illustrate how propaganda persuaded and victimized Russian citizens. Squealer is a sly, crafty pig who is not only intelligent, but a manipulative speaker as well. His cunning is key to the deception of the other animals. In chapter three, Squealer deceives the animals of the farm for the first time. The animals find out that the milk and apples are given solely to the pigs, and Squealer is sent to explain the uneven distribution of farm resources. Comrades he cried. You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? (Orwell 42) He goes on to explain, Milk and apples (this has been proved by science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig. We pigs are brainworkers (42). Here, Squealer tries to convince the animals that its for health reasons that they take the apples and milk, but he tries to persuade them in other ways as well. Squealer continues, The wh ole management and organization of this farm depend on us. It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples(42). Finally, he convinces them with fear.Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back! Yes, Jones would come back! (42) Here, Squealer frightens the animals into submission with the threat of the return of Mr. Jones, the abusive farmer that was driven out of the farm by the animals. Squealer is desperate to obtain the apples and milk and will stop at nothing to manipulate the other animals into believing that the pigs should be the sole recipients of this luxury. By masking their true intentions by misleading the animals, the pigs are soon able to acquire whatever they want with little resistance. Orwell uses Squealer to represent the Pravda, the Russian newspaper controlled by the government during Joseph Stalins regime. Orwell points out the corruption of the Soviet authority in his criticism of the propaganda used to su bdue opposition from the masses. Orwell also criticizes the monopoly of all Russian media by the government. Squealer was the messenger of the government. It was his responsibility to inform the animals of the arrangements of labor distribution and any other relevant legislation or news. Orwell establishes that a government-run publication as the only source of public information will inevitably be biased. Napoleon, Orwells representation of the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, stops his association with the animals in chapter eight. All orders were now issued through Squealer or one of the other pigs (89). Squealer is the only source of data the farm animals have. The animals have no way to dispute or question any of the statistics he delivered. There were times when it seemed to the animals that they worked longer hours and fed no better than they had in Joness day. On Sunday mornings Squealer, holding a long strip of paper with his trotter, would read out to them lists of figures proving that the production of every class of foodstuff had increased by two hundred per cent, three hundred pe r cent, or five hundred per cent as the case might be (89). Squealer is the liaison between the government and the public. Though the animals believe they are being fed the same amount as when Mr. Jones was in power, their government information source showed figures to the contrary that the populace couldnt dispute. Orwell was able to show that

Saturday, March 21, 2020

Free Essays on Lets Say TV Did It

â€Å"TV Made Me Do It!† Has our nation been deceived by the media? Has the media sent forth an era that it is all right to define what was considered â€Å"old fashion values?† Values are defined by the Webster’s Dictionary as beliefs or ideas. What makes youth violence is it the media or simply a violent personality? Violence on TV affects how children view themselves, their world, and other people. In fact, experts warn that viewing violence can have lifelong harmful effects on children’s health. By the time children complete school, the average child will witness more than 100,000 acts of violence on TV, including 8,000 murders. The more violence children watch on TV, the more likely they may act in aggressive ways, become less sensitive to other’s pain and suffering, and be more fearful of the world around them. Since we live in a violent society, we’re constantly hearing arguments that seeing TV violence, particularly children, desensitizes us, so we accept real violence more off handily maybe it even triggers real violence. The theory behind the TV attacks is always the same: if Bobby commits a crime, he’s not responsible and his parents are not responsible: So what is responsible? The problem in this society isn’t the easy availability of drugs, or guns, or television, although all are escape goateed. All of these things are mere senseless: they do only what we have them do. All supposedly scientific studies on the subject of TV violence â€Å"causing† real violence are based on a theory of cause-and-effect that is contrary to humans having the capability of making responsible, moral choices. So is the media causing the nation to stray away from the â€Å"old fashion values? We are voluntary beings by nature: we chose what we do and what we make ourselves. For example, you take two brothers from an identical lousy environment missing father, overworked mother, no money, rotten inner city neighborhood.... Free Essays on Lets Say TV Did It Free Essays on Lets Say TV Did It â€Å"TV Made Me Do It!† Has our nation been deceived by the media? Has the media sent forth an era that it is all right to define what was considered â€Å"old fashion values?† Values are defined by the Webster’s Dictionary as beliefs or ideas. What makes youth violence is it the media or simply a violent personality? Violence on TV affects how children view themselves, their world, and other people. In fact, experts warn that viewing violence can have lifelong harmful effects on children’s health. By the time children complete school, the average child will witness more than 100,000 acts of violence on TV, including 8,000 murders. The more violence children watch on TV, the more likely they may act in aggressive ways, become less sensitive to other’s pain and suffering, and be more fearful of the world around them. Since we live in a violent society, we’re constantly hearing arguments that seeing TV violence, particularly children, desensitizes us, so we accept real violence more off handily maybe it even triggers real violence. The theory behind the TV attacks is always the same: if Bobby commits a crime, he’s not responsible and his parents are not responsible: So what is responsible? The problem in this society isn’t the easy availability of drugs, or guns, or television, although all are escape goateed. All of these things are mere senseless: they do only what we have them do. All supposedly scientific studies on the subject of TV violence â€Å"causing† real violence are based on a theory of cause-and-effect that is contrary to humans having the capability of making responsible, moral choices. So is the media causing the nation to stray away from the â€Å"old fashion values? We are voluntary beings by nature: we chose what we do and what we make ourselves. For example, you take two brothers from an identical lousy environment missing father, overworked mother, no money, rotten inner city neighborhood....

Thursday, March 5, 2020

Literacy Strategies to Use in Lessons for Struggling Readers

Literacy Strategies to Use in Lessons for Struggling Readers In many districts, students with reading difficulties are identified in the primary grades so that remediation and support can be given as early as possible. But there are struggling students who may need support in reading throughout their academic careers. There may be struggling readers who have entered a district in the later grades when the texts are more complex and the support services less available. Extended remediation for these groups of struggling readers can be less effective if the strategies that are chosen limit a students creativity or choice. Remediation with structured lessons that repeat the same material will result in less content covered by the students. So what strategies can the classroom teacher use to teach these struggling students who cannot read to access the content? When a text is critically important, teachers need to be purposeful in selecting literacy strategies for a content lesson that prepares struggling readers for success. They need to weigh what they know about the students with the most important ideas in the text or content. For example, a teacher may determine that students need to make inferences from a fiction text to understand a character or that students need to understand how a map illustrates how rivers are important to settlement. The teacher needs to consider what all students in the class could use in order to be successful and then balance that decision with the needs of the struggling reader. The first step could be to use an opening activity where all students can be engaged successfully. Successful starters An anticipation guide is a lesson opening strategy meant to activate the students prior knowledge. Struggling students, however, may lack prior knowledge, particularly in the area of vocabulary. The anticipation guide as a starter for struggling readers is also meant to build interest and excitement about a topic and give all students an opportunity for success. Another literacy strategy starter could be a text that all students, regardless of ability, can access. The text must be related to the topic or objective and can be a picture, an audio recording or a video clip. For example, if inferences are the objective of a lesson, students may fill in thought bubbles on photos of people in response to What is this person thinking? Allowing all students access to a common text that has been selected for equal use by all students for the lessons objective is not a remediation activity or a modification.   Prepare vocabulary In designing any lesson, a teacher must select the vocabulary that is necessary for all students to meet the goal for the lessons objective rather than attempt to try to fill in all the gaps in prior knowledge or ability. For example, if the objective of a lesson is to have all students understand that a rivers location is important developing a settlement, then all students will need to become familiar with content specific terms such as port, mouth, and bank. As each of these words has multiple meanings, a teacher can  develop pre-reading activities to familiarize all students before reading. Activities can be developed for vocabulary such as these three different definitions for  bank: The land alongside or sloping down to a river or lakeAn institution for receiving, lendingTo  tip  or  incline  an  airplane Another literacy strategy comes from the research that suggests that older struggling readers can be more successful if high-frequency words are combined in phrases rather than isolated words.  The struggling readers  can practice words from Frys high-frequency words if they are purposefully placed for meaning placed into the phrases, such as a hundred ships  pulled  (from Frys 4th 100-word  list). Such phrases can be read aloud for accuracy and fluency as part of a vocabulary activity that is based in a disciplines content. In addition, a literacy strategy for struggling readers comes from Suzy Pepper Rollins book Learning in the Fast Lane.  She introduces the idea of TIP charts, used to introduce a lessons vocabulary. Students may have access to these charts that are set up in three columns: Terms (T) Information (I) and Pictures (P). Students can use these TIP charts to increase their ability to engage in accountable talk in expressing their understanding or summarizing the reading. Such talk can help develop the speaking and listening  skills of struggling readers.   Read aloud A text can be read aloud to students at any grade level. The sound of a human voice reading a text may be one of the best ways to help struggling readers develop an ear for language. Reading aloud is modeling, and students can make meaning from someones phrasing and intonation when reading a text. Modeling good reading helps all students while it provides access to the text being used. Reading aloud to students should also include think-aloud or interactive elements. Teachers should focus intentionally on the meaning â€Å"within the text,† â€Å"about the text,† and â€Å"beyond the text†   as they read. This kind of interactive read aloud means stopping to ask questions to check for understanding and allowing students to discuss meaning with partners. After listening to a read aloud, struggling readers can contribute the same as their peers in a read-aloud.   Illustrate understanding When possible, all students should have the opportunity to draw their understanding. Teachers can ask all students to summarize the lessons â€Å"big idea† or major concept can be summarized. Struggling students can share and explain their image with a partner, in a small group, or in a gallery walk.They may draw in different ways: To add to a pictureTo create an original pictureTo draw and label a pictureTo draw and to annotate a picture Literacy strategy matches objective Strategies used to support struggling readers should be tied to the lessons objective. If the lesson objective making inferences from a fiction text, then a repeated read aloud  of the text or selection of the text can help struggling readers to determine the best evidence to support their understanding. If the lesson objective is explaining the impact of rivers on developing a  settlement, then vocabulary strategies will provide struggling readers with the terms needed to explain their understanding.   Rather than try to address all of the needs of a struggling reader through modification of remediation, teachers can be purposeful in lesson design and selective in their choice of strategy,   using them individually or in a sequence:   starter activity, vocabulary prep, read-aloud, illustrate. Teachers can plan  each content lesson to offer access to a common text for all students. When struggling readers are given the chance to participate, their engagement and their motivation will increase, perhaps even more than when traditional remediation is used.

Monday, February 17, 2020

The cold war in Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The cold war in Europe - Essay Example At this time, Russia attempts to pursue its own plans of attacking Finland at the far north. The cold proves to be a big problem to him because his troops are under-prepared for the arctic winter that awaits them. In addition to this, Russia’s leadership in this campain is poor, and even though they manage to win, they suffered losses, and their pride was humbled. In 1941, Germany launched one of the biggest military invasions ever undertaken, he calls it, Barbarossa. Hitler’s plan is to take and also hold a line located eastward of Moscow. The Russians are caught unaware by this strategic move on the part of the third Reich’s cunning leader. Germany gained a lot through this campaign, and it even managed to gather prisoners of war, but later died. This move on the part of Germany angered the Russians, and they were resolved to destroy the third Reich. Some people have wondered, ‘at what year did the Germans reach the point of no return at the eastern front ’? When we take a look back at history, we can observe the actions that took place at the eastern front 1942, between Germany and Russia. â€Å"Germany renewed its attacks on Russia, this time concentrating its attacks on Southern Russia, capturing the Crimea and Sevastopol after a siege. This was one of the few times their huge barrage gun, Big Bertha, was ever called into use.

Monday, February 3, 2020

Analyzing Popular Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyzing Popular Culture - Essay Example Although this trend was not suitable for occasions in the past, it has been taken up by stylish people and stars all over the world and has become trendy and â€Å"chic† in the year 2014 ("Farewell to Faux Fashion." 23). Unlike the thoughts of many, the thesis of this paper is that ripped jeans can look good in many different forms and different styles of dressing. The ripped jeans can be dressed up or down, in different styles as either short or long, or even oversize or skinny, but still maintain its goodness in the different styles. A great challenge comes in trying to maintain the comfort while at the same time aiming at portraying an effortlessly pulled together distressed jeans ("Fashion Trends; Ripped Jeans." n.d.). Ripped jeans are a style of denim jeans that features tears and ripped parts which may include the knees, thigh, elbow and many others. Some think of ripped jeans as a sign of overuse. Back in the 1970s and 1980s, glam metal artists and rock and roll punk artists had begun to appear on stage wearing ripped jeans, in an attempt to create a casual punk statement. A good example is the American Poison band for glam metal music back in the 1980s were known for their ripped jeans fashion. After that, the popularity of the ripped jeans began to increase until it attracted designers and teenage fans. In the past couple of years, we began to find ripped jeans in almost all the designer brands and stores. Those who wear ripped jeans were no longer considered shabby. They are instead considered chic and stylish. Even celebrities such as, Kim Kardashian, Rihanna, and Kendall Jenner who are popular musicians seem to love them, and wear them on a regular basis especially during stage performance s. Various controversies have existed about this kind of fashion. Some people have usually had a thought that ripped jeans has no place in the fashion. The

Sunday, January 26, 2020

Goffmans Theory For Interaction In Society Sociology Essay

Goffmans Theory For Interaction In Society Sociology Essay Goffman examines society through individuals face-to-face interactions I everyday life. An important point of his theory is how individuals present themselves in everyday life, when they come to contact with others. This contact signals the activation of the ritual mechanism. Those mechanisms are being activated automatically each time we are coming to interaction with others. They consist social values and express all the expected reactions, which individuals should have in different situations. The reason why these mechanisms are activated automatically is because we have embodied them during the period of socialization and through imitation. Consequently, those mechanisms give us the possibility to understand and foresee how we must react in different interactions, as well as to forego and protect ourselves from potential moments of disgrace and embarrassment. If we do not find a way to manage those moments when they occur, can lead in the collapse of interaction (Goffman, 1959: 1 2). The main purpose of individuals is to manipulate the impressions that others form about them (impression management). Individuals, when they are acting on the stage, employ unconsciously different front (means of expression). The front is comprised from two parts: the setting which is the scene in which individuals acting and the personal front which concerns the natural characteristics and specific means of expression of each individual. Furthermore, Goffman divide personal front into appearance and manner. Appearance is the external characteristics and manner is the means of expressions, like the language, the body, face expressions, which individuals adopt during their performance (Goffman, 1953,:22-24). In addition, individuals use symbols to display their positions and the role they aim to play (Goffman, Dec. 1951: 294). Forby there is the backstage, where individuals make their rehearsal for their performance. Namely, which features of themselves, they will cover in order to manipulate their observers. Parallel, only when they are on the backstage, can be their real selves, whereon they have to tackle with their real feelings, which have no relation to the feelings they project on the stage. Nevertheless, Goffman notes that the formation of a role is being strongly affected by the personality, the experience, and the culture of each individual (Swingewood, 2000: 176). How academic professors maintain their dominant position in the classroom. The academic professors front is his class and what this class includes is the setting. His performance takes place while he is teaching. Of course the professor must have a certain style of clothing, for instance he cannot appear in the classroom wearing a sport outfit. Also, he must talk and behave in a way which will attribute him prestige. For instance, the professor will not use slang language during his teaching, on the contrary, he will a sophisticated vocabulary. Furthermore, according to Goffman, first impression is of vital importance. Thus, in his first lecture, he must pay attention to his first impression, because this will form the relation of domination between the professor and the students (Goffman, 1959: 12). Even if he becomes more lenient with his students over the years, he should attempt continually to sustain his authority (impression management). On the other hand, when the professor ends up alone in the classroom (backstage) he can be his real self. Coincidently at this point he can prepare himself for the teaching (performance) and he can try to limit things which could reduce his pole performance. On the whole, professor possesses a status, which nobody can call in question, regardless of the role he adopts. This is happening because he has certifications of his capacity, which is his degree, which is recognizable from the society (Goffman, 1951: 297). In other words, there can be doubt about his efficiency at work but not for his capacity as a professor. Bourdieus theory. Bourdieu in contrast with Goffman considers society from a distant viewpoint. He is not centre on individuals interaction but he combines them with social structures. He deems that sociologists should overcome the persistence of the contrast between objectivism and subjectivism. We should observe society as a whole including both, structures and actors. Thereby, he creates a theory based on a schema, which constitutes from three main parts: the field, the capital, and the habitus. Each part is directly connected with the others and functions parallel. The first part is the field. Fields are the social structures, the various spheres of life. While fields exert influence to each other, there are autonomous enough (relative autonomous) in order to be able to study them. Each field has its own clear boundaries, logic and sphere of values, with witch people must be obeyed. People in order to be able to enter a field, should have certain resources according to the demands of each field (Wacquant, 2008: 269). Those resources are the capitals, which are unequal distributed in the society (Swartz, 2002: 655). People, who have more capitals, have more chances to succeed in different fields (Bourdieu, 1986: 241). This is why Bourdieu grasps fields as arenas in which people struggle constantly. Those who have a big part of capital, struggle to maintain their domination and those who have limited capitals, try for their benefits to invert the domination of the former. Thus field is never static. It is moving, changing, evolving. On the second part of the triadic schema is capital. Capitals are the means of resources which enable people to acquire benefits. Power is in each field different. Bourdieu divides Capital in four categories: economic, cultural, social and symbols. Economic Capital is consisted by money. This capital is very important because every capital can be converted to economic capital. People, who have largely the economic capital, can easier acquire the other three capitals. Then is the Culture Capital, which is consisted by three forms: The Embodied State concerns the stimuli which people get from their environment during their upbringing and socialization. People receive them unconsciousness or passive-coercive via their families, their culture or traditions. However this does not mean that they acquire them instantaneously. On the contrary, people embodied them over the years according to their habitus. Also in this state, people form their cultivation. Peoples cultivation derives, apart from the stimuli of the environment, also from the amount of time and effort they consumed to gain it (Bourdieu, 1986: 244-245). The other form is the Objectified State, which concerns the possession of items (for instance paintings). Those items have great cultural-aesthetic value but also economic value. In which way people will valid them, it is related with their habitus (Bourdieu, 1986: 245-246). The third form of Cultural Capital is the Institutionalized State. This state embraces the official documents, that is, they have institutional recognition. Those certifications denote the level of education of each person (Bourdieu, 1986: 246-247). Moreover, there is the Social Capital. Social Capital is peoples connections which they have or acquire within social networks. Those connections are either positive or negative. In other words, can help people or can make their lives difficult. Finally, it is the Symbolic Capital, which has to do with the symbols of power. People who possess the symbolic authority can dominate in one or more fields. Those who have it are in the position to decide what is good and what is bad and exert it via recognition and approval and disapproval. Recognition of what people are doing is enjoyable for them. For, people through recognition are becoming established. Symbolic authority can be big in a field while can be mild or small in others. Also symbolic power is hierarchical. It is a circle of alternations of power. Thus there is a constant struggle for the acquisition of power but it is happening unconsciously. The third part of the schema is Habitus. Habitus is our history, the inheritance of cultural capital. Namely it is embodied of our experiences. The creation of social groups is based on peoples common experiences, hence habitus is persons beliefs and dispositions. Furthermore, habitus is the social structures in which persons shape their beliefs and ways of thinking (for instance education). In real life habitus and field come always together as a whole (Wacquant, 2008: 269). On the one, habitus affects peoples chances of success or failure in different fields (Bourdieu, 1986: 241). However, people through new experiences, which are not coming from the family, can form a secondary capital in the habitus, which is quite durable and reinforced. This new habitus is becoming gradually their second nature. Examining academicians through the concepts of Field, Capital and Habitus. Academicians field in which they operate is higher education. To be able to be in this field, they spent too much time and effort in order to acquire this knowledge, that is their cultivation (cultural capital-embodied state). Evidence that hold this knowledge is their diplomas (cultural capital-institutionalized state). Also their connections, that had been either academic or political, played an important role in taking up this position (social capital). On the other, depending on the level of the University attended and depending on their performance, they had similar opportunities to find work. The position of each university is not the same. For, there is a rank of hierarchy. Hierarchy it is likewise in the positions of academic professors. Therefore there is strong competition among them. Their main purpose is to accede to the highest positions and go to the most accredited universities (symbolic capital). To be able to do so, they must constantly enrich their resources (capita l). Nevertheless, the academic professors have some common experiences that affiliate them to the same group and allow them to enter in this field, higher education (habitus). But this does not mean that these experiences were the same embodied-in all. That they are professors, do not mean that all derived from the same socio-economic class. Simply they were able to acquire the necessary qualifications and to embrace these experiences in order to enter specific field. Namely, they managed to make second nature another habitus. Conclusion. Considering academics through two different approaches, Goffmans and Bourieus, I have come to believe that struggle for domination is an important part of both theories. In Goffman this struggle exist through the management impression, while in Bourdieu exist in the whole triad schema (field, capital, habitus).

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Logical and Physical Network Design

Introduction This paper presents a brief overview of what goes into a Service Level Agreement (SLA) contract. It also presents an example of one. Contents This publication contains the following topics: Topic Why Have Service Level Agreements? Contract Areas to Consider Contract Components Example Of A Service Level Agreement Contract See Page 2 3 6 8 -1- Why Have Service Level Agreements? Rationale SLAs are critical towards formalizing expectations around services with end users and customers. Without these, customer expectations will assume that everything will be delivered and available at a 100% level all the time.Very little can be done about poor service when there is no definition what good service is. Objectives should be set that describe items such as response times, availability, turnaround and accuracy. Customers and IT should commit to a mutually acceptable means of verifying compliance with service objectives and agree on actions that must take place when exceptions occ ur. Key Goals Key goals of undertaking formalized service arrangements are as follows: †¢ Allow for IT to understand customer service requirements.†¢ Control customer expectations for levels of service to be delivered. Allow for clear understanding of priorities when handling service problems. -2- Contract Areas to Consider Overview The following section presents a number of key areas to consider when building SLA Contract documents. Level of Formalization Service levels may range from a formalized contract that is signed off by representative customer departments to informal â€Å"known† levels internal to IT functions. IT should be aware which level of formalization is appropriate. Ability to Meet Service Targets IT should ensure that documented levels of service can indeed be met.Targets should allow for a latitude contingency to cover occasional problems or slowdowns to occur without jeopardizing targets. Within ITIL, Availability Management should review planne d targets and provide guidance as to what levels may be appropriate given current IT capabilities. Requirements for new capabilities should be highlighted to management to determine whether to invest in them or not. Control of Customer Expectations Targets should be communicated to customers in terms that make them clearly understood from their perspective. This promotes a good level of understanding and cooperation when service problems do occur.Handling SLA Contract Changes Processes should be in place to handle changes in service requirements. Customers may wish to negotiate better service levels, add new functions that require new levels of service or periodically renew current levels. These should be negotiated through a Service Level Manager and processed via Change Management. Number of SLA Contracts Less is better, more greatly increases management overhead to report and manage. It may be determined to have a single contract for all departments versus multiple service contra cts for different departments.Another structure may be to have a base agreement that covers everyone as a default with a limited set of overriding contracts for unique needs. Continued on next page -3- Contract Areas to Consider, Continued Types of Service Targets to Be Included The types of service targets to be provided should be identified in the service level contract. Examples of types of service targets include items such as: †¢ Response Times †¢ Availability Windows †¢ Equipment Service And Repair Times †¢ Technical Support Response and Level †¢ Report Or Other Media Delivery †¢ Security Access †¢ Data Retention and Backup RequirementsDetermining Customer Services It will be necessary to identify what critical customer workloads are. From this a specific service level can be derived. Workloads can be defined as one or more customer functions that require service from IT. Examples of these might include items such as: †¢ Processing patie nt accounts in a hospital. †¢ Entering orders from customers on a phone. †¢ Accessing E-Mail. †¢ Retrieving and creating memos. Each of the above have an associated level of service that allows that function to be accomplished successfully.This level might include availability of service to that function. (i. ; E-Mail will be available from 8AM to 9PM on weekdays). It might also include a level of response. (i. e; Order Entry transactions on a terminal must provide a response time less than 5 seconds 85% of the time). Most organizations have found it helpful to implement an ITIL Service Catalog to better define what these services are. With this, the SLA contract would only need to reference those service descriptions. The Catalog can also serve to centralize all of these definitions in one place. Multiple Targets For Services It may desired to provide or negotiate multiple service levels for a single customer service.An example of this might be negotiating a lower re sponse time for peak hours of the day and a higher response time at other hours. Another example might be provision of high availability all the time but specific functions or files may be unavailable at certain times of the day. Continued on next page -4- Contract Areas to Consider, Continued Resolution of Service Disputes It may be desired to put a process in place that fairly identifies resolutions to problems or misunderstandings in service expectations. This may be a committee of representative Customer and IT personnel without a direct interest in the problems under discussion.Operational Level Agreements and Underpinning Contracts In an environment where the service to be delivered is provided by multiple departments, organizations or outside vendors, service boundaries must be clearly defined. This identifies where responsibilities lie and what kinds of services have to be delivered by each service delivery entity. An example of this might include a client/server architected application where end user response time service consists of both mainframe processing and server/front-end processing. If these two components are managed by ifferent organizations, then each organization should set up an operational level agreement.As an example of the above, mainframe response time targets will be under 5 seconds 85% of the time, server processing will be under 3 seconds 80% of the time. This would result in the actual service level to the customer of a response time less than 8 seconds 80% of the time. Service Targets Must Be Reportable Any service level that is set must be able to be adequately reported on. It would be useless to establish a service level for which monitoring data cannot be collected.The operational efforts and costs involved with monitoring and reporting on any given service level should be taken into account when that level is set. -5- Contract Components Overview A Service Level Contract is a key component of a formalized service level agre ement process. Key components of this document are described in this section. Contract Dates Starting and ending dates that the contract is to be in force. If ending dates are specified, new service level agreements may have to be created for projects or departments that function beyond the end dates. Contract NumbersThese may be necessary if negotiating multiple contracts. They simply identify specific contracts. Customer Identification Identifying information that describes the group of users who are included within the scope of the contract. Demand Periods It is helpful to identify periods of time in which types of use are likely to make the greatest service demands on processing resources. Some targets may differ depending on demand periods. For example, an E-Mail service may have a lesser target for response time during the start of work when most employees retrieve their messages.There may be a higher target for slower periods later in the day. Project or Departmental Descript ion A brief description of the department or project to be serviced. This may include its main purpose or business function and how processing supports the goals of that entity. Expected Service Requirements A description in clear concise terms of the service level targets to be delivered by IT to support the department(s) or project(s) covered by the service contract. These should be in business terms and from the customer perspective as much as possible. Continued on next page -6-Contract Components, Continued Service Assumptions If needed, this section can be included to describe any service assumptions used to support the service levels being delivered. Examples might include: †¢ A set number of customer users not to be exceeded †¢ Specific IT capacities that might incur additional costs if exceeded †¢ Allowances for special times of the day, week, month or year Target Calculations Methodologies or calculations used to determine service expectations should be docu mented. The purpose is to clearly state how service levels may be calculated, measured and reported on.IT Charging Costs Any assumptions or expected costs of delivering the service should also be documented. Determination of costs is aided by the Capacity Planning and Financial Management processes. In some cases, it may be necessary to include a sample charging bill. Contract Maintenance This section should describe the conditions under which the contract should be changed. It should identify who is responsible for reporting on the quality of service delivered and how service disputes may be resolved. Contract ResponsibilitiesThis section should identify organizations or personnel responsible for support activities related to Contract Maintenance, Service Level Reporting, Service Level Dispute Resolution and Renegotiation of Service Levels. Signature Block This section provides space for Customer and IT sign-off to the terms in the contract. -7- Example Of A Service Level Agreement Contract Introduction The following pages present one example of a comprehensive Service Level Agreement contract. This example is probably much more formalized than necessary but illustrates some of the concepts discussed in this paper. Continued on next page 8- Example Of A Service Level Agreement Contract, Continued SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENTContract Date: Agreement Number: Division: Location: Project: Peak Times: Expiration Date: This document with attachments specifies the agreement between the above named business unit and the Data Processing Center (DPC) for shared computing services. This agreement consists of the following sections: Section I: Section II: Section III: Section IV: Section V: Section VI: Services To Be Provided Expected Service Requirements Service Assumptions Costs Contract Maintenance DPC Responsibilities Section VI: Section VII:Customer Responsibilities Service Change Control Procedure Section VIII: Signatures -9- Continued on next page – 10 – Example Of A Service Level Agreement Contract, Continued SECTION I: SERVICES TO BE PROVIDED Business Unit Description, Business Unit Scope And Desired Services to be provided. May provide references to ITIL Service Catalog here†¦. SECTION II: EXPECTED SERVICE REQUIREMENTS Examples (May list for each service to be provided or reference ITIL Service Catalog): Response Time Requirements: Availability Requirements: Report/Media Delivery Requirements Data Retention and Back-Up Requirements:Technical Support Requirements: Job/Report Turnaround Requirements: Security Requirements: Continued on next page – 11 – Example Of A Service Level Agreement Contract, Continued SECTION III: SERVICE ASSUMPTIONS The services and costs within this agreement are based on the assumptions below. Any assumption found invalid could have an effect on ability to meet service targets and/or costs charged for services. Changes to assumptions will be handled in accordance with the Service Change Control Procedure described in this agreement. The service assumptions included with this agreement are: SECTION IV: COSTSCOST FACTOR RULE AND CHARGES APPLIED ——————————- Anticipated Costs Per Period —————————-Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 Period 4 Continued on next page – 12 – Example Of A Service Level Agreement Contract, Continued SECTION V: CONTRACT MAINTENANCE Terms for Renegotiation Penalties/Rewards Service Level Reporting Responsibilities Service Problem Resolution Responsibilities Continued on next page – 13 – Example Of A Service Level Agreement Contract, Continued SECTION VI: DPC RESPONSIBILITIES DPC will provide IT Service Management to control the services described in this agreement.DPC will appoint a Service Manager who will have responsibility for: Coordinating DPC activities and responsibilities to address any service issues that may arise. Interfacing with the customer Service Contact for service issues and requests for service changes. With the customer Service Contact, administer the Service Change Control Procedure described in this agreement. Delivering service reports to the customer Service Contact. Maintain service communications and reviewing any service improvement actions and progress with the customer Service Contact during execution of this agreement on a regular basis.Continued on next page – 14 – Example Of A Service Level Agreement Contract, Continued SECTION VI: CUSTOMER RESPONSIBILITIES This section identifies the customer responsibilities associated with this agreement. DPC’s performance is predicated upon the responsibilities identified below. Prior to the start of this agreement, customer will designate a person, called the Service Contact to whom all DPC communications will be addressed and who has the authority to act for customer in all aspect s of this agreement.The responsibilities of the Customer Contact include: Serve as the interface between DPC and all customer departments participating included in the scope of this contract. With the DPC Service Manager, administer the Service Change Control Procedure as described in Section VII of this agreement. Attend service status meetings. Obtain and provide information, data, decisions and approvals, within 3 working days of DPC's request unless DPC and the customer agree to an extended response time. Resolve deviations from service assumptions which may be caused by customer.Help resolve service issues and escalate issues within customer’s organization, as necessary. The following responsibilities by appropriate customer personnel involved in this project are as follows: Continued on next page – 15 – Example Of A Service Level Agreement Contract, Continued SECTION VII: SERVICE CHANGE CONTROL PROCEDURE The following provides a detailed process to follow if a change to this agreement is required: A Request For Change (RFC) will be the vehicle for communicating change.The RFC must describe the change, the rationale for the change and the effect the change will have on the services. The designated contact of the requesting party will review the proposed change and determine whether to submit the request to the other party. The receiving contact will review the proposed change and approve it for further investigation or reject it within three (3) working days. The investigation will determine the effect that the implementation of the RFC will have on service targets, service charges and service assumptions related to this agreement.

Friday, January 10, 2020

Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on Writing Papers in College

Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on Writing Papers in College If you own a paper, the ideal spot to begin is with the written assignment itself. Just ensure that it is something which you require, not just something which you desire in the brief term. Last, you are able to also add something fun in the package they may not expect. There is typically a place. Their college life is not possible to imagine without paper work, and that's the reason why it is very critical for them to learn how to compose an essay, an assignment. Instead, write an intriguing essay, write an essay you believe is fascinating. If you're thinking that you will need someone to compose my essay at the moment, you can merely rely on our honest reviews. The college essay is most likely the most frequently encountered sort of paper you'll write in the early portion of college. 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Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Process of Industrialization in India - 2783 Words

PROCESS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION IN INDIA Meaning of Industrialization The term industry refers mainly to manufacturing activity. Agriculture, mining, and most other services are excluded from it. The term industrialization† literally means the growth of manufacturing industry. It is thus a part of the much broader process of economic development which involves the raising of standard of living, through a steady increase in the efficiency of factors of production. India is a developing country. Economic development here must basically mean raising the productivity of agricultural workers. After a certain stage of development, however, it may become more profitable to transfer the surplus labor to their gainful employments as†¦show more content†¦The production of matches, glass, vanaspati, soap and several engineering industries also increased considerably during this period. (5) During the Second World War and After: The Second World War added a great stimulus to the development of Indian Industries to their maximum capacity. Several new industries such as ferro alloys, non-ferrous metals, diesel engines, pumps, bicycle, sewing machines, soda ash, caustic soda, chlorine and super phosphate came into existence. The manufacture of machine tools and simple machinery, cutlery and pharmaceuticals also started. The post war years (after 1945) marked the development of a new range in industries including ball and roller bearings, carding engines, ring frames and locomotives. Industries like the fertilizer, cement, sheet glass caustic soda and sulfuric acid expanded considerably during the post war period. (6) Development during the First Plan (1951 - 1956): In the First Five Year Plan emphasis was mainly on agriculture, irrigation and power; only about 8 per cent of the total investment was allocated for industries and minerals. Targets of production were more or less reached in the case of cotton textiles, sugar, vegetable oils, cement, paper, soda ash, caustic soda, rayon, electrical transformers, bicycles, sewing machines and petroleum refining.Show MoreRelatedThe Long Term Economic Growth1290 Words   |  6 Pagescontradictions and conflicts between countries in the contemporary world. And different level of industrialization caused the widening gap. So we can say the limited industrial development caused by colonialism is a real issue behind many current contradictions and conflicts. In order to reduce these conflicts and narrow the gap, the colonized countries should make a breakthrough on its limited industrialization by focusing on its own features-- resources and structures, and taking effective measures--Read MoreThe Economic Development Of China1130 Words   |  5 Pagesof export led industrialization and economic liberalization. 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Moreover, the discovery of the New World was linked to the expansion of international trade marked in Asia, the British merchants afforded a new market through England’s influence in India and China, and hence the increase in demand for them to up their supply of goods for trade to the region. Marks argument that the Industrial Revolution was as vital as the agricultural revolution is based on the fact that agriculture was transformedRead MoreEuropean Justification of Colonization of Asia and Africa Essay828 Words   |  4 Pageswould use the new technology under the supervision of the colonizer. The example of India proves this point. India benefited greatly from industrialization, which was brought about by the British. However, when the British discovered that India’s industrialization would cut them off from valuable raw materials, they halted the industrialization process, leaving India in very bad shape. If the British had allowed India to industrialize, the world would probably be a very different place today. Read MoreThe Rural Urban Gap And The Policy Response Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pages THE RURAL-URBAN GAP AND THE POLICY RESPONSE: A STUDY OF POST-INDEPENDENCE INDIA A Study of Post-Independence India ABSTRACT The rural-urban gap in development attainment has attracted the attention of many economists. Lewis, Fei-Ranis, and Harish-Todaro models focus on the rural-urban dualism in underdeveloped economies and proceed to illustrate how the economies get transformed in the process of development. When India attained independence in 1947, it was a predominantly rural, agricultural and