A Comparison of Piaget, Freud, and Erikson Essay Example For Students

A Comparison of Piaget, Freud, and Erikson Essay A Comparison of Piaget, Freud, and EriksonbyRandy HartenstinePsychology 1513-51Extra Credit PaperApril 8, 1999Hartenstine 1The field of brain research has become regarded as a science. Objectivity and the logical strategy are both piece of the therapists method of activity. Notwithstanding, even the best of clinicians can just hypothesize about what makes people act the manner in which they do. Absolutes are not part of brain science. Everything is relative and open to hypothesis. Scholars give us their perspectives or thoughts regarding life. In the field of brain research, there have been a wide range of territories of intrigue. Human improvement is one of the most well known territories of enthusiasm for the individuals who study brain research. Freud, Erikson, and Piaget are on the whole extraordinary scholars with various thoughts concerning human turn of events. Every scholar created thoughts and stages for human turn of events. Their hypotheses on human advancement had people going through various stages. Every hypothesis varied on what these stages were. These hypotheses additionally varied with their regard towards paradigmatic presumptions, learning and advancement, and relationship towards instructive practice. Freud is known as the dad of brain research. Albeit a portion of his work has been excused, its vast majority despite everything holds weight in the realm of brain research today. Freud accepted that internal powers energized human turn of events. He accepted the most remarkable of every inward power was our sexual being. Freud connected everything with sex. This incorporates any real joy at all. Accordingly, when Freud talks about the sexual needs of youngsters, they are not the Hartenstine 2same sort of sexual needs that a grown-up would understanding. Kids experienced sexual satisfaction in various manners. Sucking their thumbs or holding their waste could be viewed as sexual satisfaction for little kids. Freud likewise indicated certain regions of our body as erogenous zones. Those territories incorporated the mouth and private parts. This all fit in to Freuds fixation on sex. A fixation that could be connected to the period that Freud lived in. It was a traditionalist period eve r. Sexual emotions were regularly subdued. Freuds hypothesis on human improvement could be named the psychosexual phases of advancement. Freud accepted people went through various stages throughout their life dependent on which part of their body delighted them. Freuds psychosexual phases of improvement are five altogether. The Oral stage happens from birth to around one year. During this stage, a kid is orally arranged. The mouth is the childs erogenous zone. Everything a youngster contacts is placed in his mouth. Freud accepts kids do this since it gives them delight. At the point when a youngster sucks his thumb, it does so in light of the fact that it delights them. As indicated by Freud, the satisfaction is sexual. The second stage in Freuds psychosexual advancement hypothesis happens between the ages of two and three years old. The erogenous zone shifts area, subsequently moving starting with one phase then onto the next. The second erogenous zone in Freuds phases of human adv ancement is the butt-centric locale. Freud trusts childrenHartenstine 3experience sexual satisfaction during solid discharges and when they retain defecations. A few youngsters may even experience delight taking care of, taking a gander at, or considering their own excrement. When the Anal phase of improvement has been finished, the following phase of advancement for Freud is the Phallic Stage. This typically happens at around three years old. The move in erogenous zones moves from the butt-centric area to the genital organs. This stage is otherwise called the Oedipal Stage of psychosexual turn of events. This name originates from the unbelievable ruler, Oedipus, who murdered his dad and wedded his mom. During this stage, kids check out their sexual organs. Before long they notice contrasts and likenesses among themselves and their folks. Each sex needs to be with the parent of the other sex, for young ladies this is alluded to as theelektra complex. When the kids acknowledge they c an not be with their mom or father, they relate to the parent of a similar sex. The following stage is known as the phase of Latency. An absence of progress or nonattendance of erogenous zones portrays this stage. After the acknowledgment that the youngster can not be with a parent explicitly, the kid moves its consideration regarding same-sexed connections. Young men will move their sexual inclinations and drives to something satisfactory, for example, sports. This is a period of relative quiet. The last phase of Freuds psychosexual improvement is the Genital Stage. The erogenous zone returns in a very powerfulHartenstine 4way in the genital organs. This stage happens from adolescence into adulthood. Genuine sexual want and sexual connections mark this stage. Erikson took Freuds thoughts and improved them. He included stages for the grown-up years. He likewise moved his consideration regarding character instead of sexuality. Erikson built up the psychosocial phases of improvement. He is known for his eight phases of life. Eriksons first stage is during earliest stages. It manages trust versus doubt. The kid builds up a point of view and whether the world can be trusted or not. The kid creates trust if the guardians give the kid something it can depend on. As indicated by Erikson, the youngster builds up a feeling of hopefulness or negativity during this stage. The following stage in Eriksons psychosocial advancement is during youth and is known as independence versus disgrace and uncertainty. The kid gets self-sufficient and acknowledges he can say yes or no. This stage will decide if a kid builds up a feeling of self-assurance. Eriksons next stage happens during the ages of three to six years. This stage is set apart by activity versus blame. This stage is significant in building up the childs feeling of big business. The kid creates activity when evaluating new things and isn't frightened of fizzling. The fourth phase of Eriksons formative hypothesis happen s at around six years old and endures till pubescence. This stage manages industry Hartenstine 5 versus inadequacy. The kid learns abilities of the way of life and must arrangement with sentiments of inadequacy. Puberty realizes the following stage for Erikson. This stage is known for personality versus character disarray. During this stage, Erikson accepts teenagers must build up a feeling of mindfulness or knowing what their identity is. They build up a feeling of character. The 6th stage for Erikson is known for closeness versus disengagement. Who can overlook the fires bursting over neighborhood buildi EssayHartenstine 9Work CitedCoon, Dennis. Prologue to Psychology: Exploration andApplication, seventh Edition. Minnesota: West PublishingCompany, 1995. Freud, Sigmund. The Basic Writings of Sigmund Freud. Brill, A. A.: Dodd, Mead and Company, Inc., July 1979. Piaget, Jean, et al. The Psychology of The Child. Berkeley andLos Angeles: University of California Press, Ltd., 1972.

Potential Impact Of Online Sales To The Company Marketing Essay

Potential Impact Of Online Sales To The Company Marketing Essay Our Company, Houston Incorporated has chosen to venture into online deals. The objective is to keep on selling our items in the retail locations situated all through the United States yet in addition set up a nearness on the World Wide Web. Your organization has as of late chose to venture into online deals. The organization wishes to keep on selling its items in the retail locations situated all through the United States openings accessible for retail deals and give a report to your director which incorporates the focal points and hindrances if showcasing on the web, As Marketing Manager, I was entrusted to explore web based promoting openings accessible for retail deals. This report traces the preferences and weaknesses of web advertising, the potential effect of online deals to the organization, and the necessities for a fruitful web based showcasing effort. Showcasing and selling products online electronically is made conceivable by programming programs that execute the principle elements of a web based business application. This delicate empowers item show, web based requesting, and internet handling. Internet showcasing envelops both e-business and web based business. Internet business run of the mill alludes to exchanges including the trading of cash, for example, offering items to clients. E-business is a more extensive term that incorporates furnishing clients with portrayals and particulars for a given item. Internet showcasing offer numerous points of interest as this report will appear. Having a nearness on the World Wide Web offers the chance to arrive at clients on a national level as well as internationally. Working together multi day a week and 24 hours daily is a reality with internet advertising. The get-together and examination of data assemble by means of internet promoting is conceivable. This data can be utilized to improve promoting systems both on the web and in conventional retail fragment. The points of interest far exceed the impediments. Increment deals, expanded brand acknowledgment combined with the minimal effort of working on the web prompts increment income. These are just a couple of the general effect of internet showcasing. Executing an exhaustive internet advertising plan envelops for all intents and purposes indistinguishable procedures and techniques from customary showcasing. It likewise requires the foundation of a site for item show, web based requesting, and online installment frameworks to process installments. The choice to venture into online deals is legitimized by this exploration. Venture into online deals is a considerably more financially savvy mean of developing the organization. The suggested model is incorporation of the conventional retail portion with the new online arm. This is contrary to setting up an absolutely online business. The present advertising techniques can be adjusted to incorporate the online portion and used to advance the site. Presentation The web is turning into the town square for the worldwide town of tomorrow. That statement was credited to Bill Gates, Cofounder of Microsoft. Tomorrow has come and as per an article on Reuters site, Online retail deals in the United States could reach $248.7 billion by 2014, growing 60 percent from 2009. As Marketing Manager, my main responsibility is to do statistical surveying and create advertise procedures. This report will layout the points of interest and burdens if showcasing on the web, the focal points and hindrances if promoting on the web, the potential effect of online deals to the organization, and the prerequisites for a fruitful web based advertising effort. The objective of web based advertising, like conventional promoting, is to impart and offer some incentive to the client and oversee associations with clients that advantage the organization and partners. Internet advertising incorporates both e-business and web based business. Web based businesses ordinary alludes to exchanges including the trading of cash, for example, offering items to clients. E-business is a more extensive term that incorporates giving clients depictions and determinations for a given item. Showcasing and selling merchandise online electronically is made conceivable by programming programs that execute the principle elements of an internet business application. This delicate empowers item show, web based requesting, and online installment handling. The benefits of web based showcasing, including the capacity to arrive at a bigger market, far exceed the burdens. Web based offering will in general be serious and may require lower valuing. This is one of only a handful scarcely any drawbacks. Foundation of an all inclusive nearness and expanded deals are ways that the organization can be affected. Nonetheless, having a web nearness doesn't ensure achievement. It requires a thorough advertising procedure planned for drawing in new clients to our site. Internet showcasing has its own procedure and devices that add to the accomplishment of advertising objectives and goals. . Research Findings Points of interest: Like customary business, web based advertising presents numerous focal points and inconveniences. In any case, the upsides of web based promoting altogether exceed its burdens. Internet showcasing can extend the geographic reach of the organization by getting to clients in business sectors where the organization doesn't have a physical nearness. In the online business world, working together around the world, 7 days per week, 24 hours daily is a reality. (Hossein Bidgoli, 2002) Online Marketing or internet business makes the capacity to sell practically any item that can be sold in a customary retail condition. Evenings, ends of the week, occasions, and time zones are no obstructions to web based business. Web based promoting can likewise arrive at clients that for different reasons can not by and by visit a conventional retail location. Another preferred position of internet business is the capacity to accumulate extra data about the client by means of devices, for example, treats, email, and online studies. This data can be utilized to customize showcasing endeavors in a manner that can prompt higher exchange volumes. Web based business likewise gives expanded adaptability to clients. Clients can make buys without leaving the solace of their homes. The client doesn't need to manage the problem of stopping or the concern of losing contact with their little youngsters introduced by customary retail techniques. Shopping assignments can be practiced from the wellbeing of their homes with a couple of snaps of a mouse. Obviously, expanded deals are the main thing individuals thing about when they think about online market. Statistical surveying shows that online deals are drifting up regardless of the current discouraged retail showcase. . Income created by online organizations and the online piece of customary retail organizations surpass $96 billion out of 2006, up from $86 billion out of 2004, as per the U.S. Statistics Bureau. An additional bit of leeway of web based showcasing is diminished expense. Customary retail organizations have overhead costs that related with web based showcasing. These incorporate utilities, protection, store rent, and work. Lower overhead expense for the most part bring about lower by and large expense and expanded income. Along these lines, online extension will give the organization an all inclusive nearness at a relative minimal effort. Inconveniences: Internet shopping isn't alluring to all buyers. They refer to the loss of social contact experienced when shopping with others. While numerous scientists don't perceive any central contrasts between the conventional and web based purchasing conduct, it is frequently contended that another progression has been added to the web based purchasing process: the progression of building trust or certainty. (Constantinides, 2004) Many buyers are worried about the protection and security issues related with working together on the web. Practically 95% of Web clients have declined to give individual data to Web locales one after another or another when inquired. (Otto Chung, 2000) Credit card extortion, undesirable sales, and utilization of their data for other than its expected intention are a couple of the reasons refered to. The trouble in drawing in clients is another disservice to web based showcasing. That, combined with expanded rivalry because of the simplicity of similar shopping extra ordinarily diminishes the engaging quality of web based advertising. Online customers can rapidly get to data from other online organizations and settle on better choices. Actually, a few sites are structured exclusively for that reason. Thusly, web based evaluating is extremely serious. Also, internet advertising doesn't manage the cost of the purchasers the advantage of looking at and figuring out the quality and attack of product sold on the web and for the most part require the dealer to have liberal return and discount approaches. The absence of after deals administration is another worry of online customers. Time likewise is an issue with web based advertising in that buyers can't take quick ownership of their buys and are confronted with included cost for quicker conveyance. Potential effect of online deals to the organization: The best effect on the organization might be the foundation of an internationally nearness. This implies organization development at relative minimal effort. . Internet advertising doesn't require the overhead expense related with keeping up a physical store. This outcomes in lower cost, expanded productivity and more prominent overall revenue. Another potential effect, online deals increments in-store deals. Having an online nearness prompts expanded brand acknowledgment and subsequently prompts expanded in-store deals. On the other hand, not having an online nearness implies loss of potential important clients. Internet advertising makes the chance to associate with clients. Trade of data encourages item and procedure improvement and can prompt more noteworthy consumer loyalty. It likewise takes into consideration more noteworthy adaptability in that site data, for example, value, item accessibility, and advancement can be promptly balanced because of economic situations. Data accu mulated by means of online deals data can be utilized while thinking about future development of the conventional retail activities. Prerequisites for an effective internet promoting effort Creating

MeisterTask Provides Visibility Without Micromanagement for CAD Managers - Focus

MeisterTask Provides Visibility Without Micromanagement for CAD Managers - Focus Computer Aided Design (CAD) managers wear many hats. Beside their various managerial responsibilities, such as workload scheduling and managing staff, their days are filled with reviewing drawings, building standards, troubleshooting CAD-related issues and more. To stay on top of all these tasks and keep upper management in the loop without any extra effort, CAD managers can use MeisterTask. What Is MeisterTask? MeisterTask is a an intuitive online task manager that visualizes tasks in Kanban-style project boards. CAD managers can share projects with staff for easy task assigning, as well as with upper management, to provide them with a bird’s-eye view of everything that’s going on. “CAD managers and admins wear many different hats and usually end up doing a ton of different things on any given day,” explains Jisell Howe, AutoCAD Certified CAD Administrator at Uponor. “That’s why my boss suggested I look into using an app that would provide more visibility to that.” BIM/CAD Managers: are you looking for a way to bring visibility with what you do on a day to day basis to Upper Management? Check out @meistertask . Its free and produces an easy to use kanban board. Visibility without the micromanagement ?? â€" Jisell Howe, CDT (@ji5ell) November 21, 2018 After doing some research, Jisell quickly settled on MeisterTask. “I love the Kanban card system because I can drag and drop cards to different sections based on where a task is at any point,” she explains. “I also like how each card represents a task/idea, and that supporting details can all be stored inside those cards. This way, Im able to show things at a big picture level, while I can focus on the task at hand. Its easy to implement and maintain. Its great!” In contrast to other Kanban-based task managers, MeisterTask not only visualizes workflows but also automates them. Here are a few examples of task automations CAD managers can set up: Get notified via Slack or email when a new drawing is ready for review Start the time tracking when a task is moved into the “In Progress” section Send an email to upper management when a task has been completed Automatically assign tasks to responsible team members Ready to get started? MeisterTask Basic is free to use and offers unlimited projects, tasks and collaborators. To get automations, integrations, and other power features, you can upgrade to one of MeisterTask’s premium plans anytime. Made for CAD ManagersGet Visibility Without Micromanagement Try MeisterTask Free Try MeisterTask MeisterTask Provides Visibility Without Micromanagement for CAD Managers - Focus Computer Aided Design (CAD) managers wear many hats. Beside their various managerial responsibilities, such as workload scheduling and managing staff, their days are filled with reviewing drawings, building standards, troubleshooting CAD-related issues and more. To stay on top of all these tasks and keep upper management in the loop without any extra effort, CAD managers can use MeisterTask. What Is MeisterTask? MeisterTask is a an intuitive online task manager that visualizes tasks in Kanban-style project boards. CAD managers can share projects with staff for easy task assigning, as well as with upper management, to provide them with a bird’s-eye view of everything that’s going on. “CAD managers and admins wear many different hats and usually end up doing a ton of different things on any given day,” explains Jisell Howe, AutoCAD Certified CAD Administrator at Uponor. “That’s why my boss suggested I look into using an app that would provide more visibility to that.” BIM/CAD Managers: are you looking for a way to bring visibility with what you do on a day to day basis to Upper Management? Check out @meistertask . Its free and produces an easy to use kanban board. Visibility without the micromanagement ?? â€" Jisell Howe, CDT (@ji5ell) November 21, 2018 After doing some research, Jisell quickly settled on MeisterTask. “I love the Kanban card system because I can drag and drop cards to different sections based on where a task is at any point,” she explains. “I also like how each card represents a task/idea, and that supporting details can all be stored inside those cards. This way, Im able to show things at a big picture level, while I can focus on the task at hand. Its easy to implement and maintain. Its great!” In contrast to other Kanban-based task managers, MeisterTask not only visualizes workflows but also automates them. Here are a few examples of task automations CAD managers can set up: Get notified via Slack or email when a new drawing is ready for review Start the time tracking when a task is moved into the “In Progress” section Send an email to upper management when a task has been completed Automatically assign tasks to responsible team members Ready to get started? MeisterTask Basic is free to use and offers unlimited projects, tasks and collaborators. To get automations, integrations, and other power features, you can upgrade to one of MeisterTask’s premium plans anytime. Made for CAD ManagersGet Visibility Without Micromanagement Try MeisterTask Free Try MeisterTask

Sexual Harassment Is Not A New Problem - 1948 Words

The behavior of sexual harassment occurring in general and specifically in a school environment is not a new problem. In the 2002 survey from the American Association of University, Women (AAUW), eighty-five percent of students surveyed they were harassed (Bates 8). While in the 2010-2011 school year of 7-12 graders survey from the AAUW, forty-eight percent of students surveyed they experienced some form of sexual harassment (AAUW 11). Shockingly, this shows sexual harassment is still happening at a high rate, and the effects of it are unnecessary because it can be prevented. Since sexual harassment is still arising, students are continuing to be affected. Some examples are, sexual harassment has affected students from benefiting from†¦show more content†¦There are variations of conduct which includes verbal, nonverbal, or physical (OCR 3). Out of this conduct, the behavior can be criminal in nature such as rape (OCR 4). When sexual harassment is against the law, the authori ty must be contacted and reported. There are two types of sexual harassment that is protected from Title IX which are: â€Å"this for that† and â€Å"hostile environment† (AAWU 7). The type of sexual harassment, â€Å"this for that†, is when someone abuses their power in exchange for something. For example of this type of harassment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ a teacher or administrator, abuses her or his power to coerce a student into sexual activity in exchange for a good grade†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (AAUW 7). This harassment is not common, but is illicit no matter what the circumstance is. â€Å"Hostile environment†, the other type, makes up the majority of sexual harassment which limits a student’s ability to benefit from the schooling provided. This conduct is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ sufficiently, severe, persistent, or pervasive† (AAUW 7), and usually occurs from students to other students. This category of sexual harassment usually begins with adolescence when they en ter puberty (AAUW 7), so sexual harassment especially manifests in middle school and high school. Peer to peer harassment makes up a vast amount of sexual harassment at middle and high schools (AAUW

Essay about The Catcher in the Rye by Holden Caulfied

Coming of age is the transition of a person from childhood to adulthood. The Catcher in the Rye is portrayed through the mind of Holden Caulfield. This book portrays Holden as a maniac because he is recalling his three day story to a psychoanalyst from a mental hospital. Holden is fighting that fine line between being an adult and a child. However, he does not want to grow up and become an adult because of the growing responsibilities that come with being an adult, the loss of innocence associated with growing up, and the phoniness of that comes with growing into an adult. Holden is afraid of growing up because of the growing responsibilities that come with being an adult. This is clearly shown through him failing classes at†¦show more content†¦My parents would be the ones. So that was out,† (Salinger 59). Although his parents have kept shoving Holden away he should have been responsible and called his parents and face his consequences. However, Holden is too afraid of the growing responsibilities that come with growing up. Therefore, Holden does not want to grow up because of the growing responsibilities that come with becoming an adult. In addition, Holden does not want to grow up because of the loss of innocence that is associated with growing up. Throughout the story Holden always shows that he loves children and their innocence. For example, in the beginning when Holden is writing the composition for Stradlater, he describes Allie’s purity. â€Å"He was two years younger than I was, but he was about fifty times as intelligent. He was terrifically intelligent †¦ But it wasnt just that he was the most intelligent member in the family. He was also the nicest, in lots of ways. He never got mad at anybody,† (Salinger 38). Holden describes how pure Allie is by saying how he was fifty times as intelligent he was even though Allie was two years younger than he was. Also, Holden talked about how Allie never got mad at anybody. Even though this could be true, I haven’t seen younger kids not get mad. This shows how he is describing Allie’s purity. Another way Holden shows that he doe s not want to grow up isShow MoreRelatedAmerican Library Association Vs. Salinger s The Catcher s The Rye 1230 Words   |  5 Pages J.D. Salinger’s, The Catcher in the Rye, holds the honor of appearing on â€Å"Time† magazine’s 2010 list of the 100 best English-language novels written since 1923 (Lacayo). In contrast, the American Library Association (ALA) notes that the novel also holds the dubious honor of being the tenth most challenged book in the United States from 1990 to 1999. In 2001, 2005, and 2009 the book again made the ALA top ten most frequently challenged book list (Banned and Challenged Books). In the lightRead MoreThe Secrets of a Teenage Life900 Words   |  4 Pagescharacter Holden Caulfield by both physical actions and expressed emotions in the book The Catcher in the Rye. The overall main message of the book is to express the troubles that are involved with growing up in the adolescence years, to Holden Caulfied, the main charac ter of the book, growing up involves dealing with the phoniness of others and just not caring about much that is expected of life. Many negative effects come out of the adolescence years in the eyes of J.D Salingers, Holden Caulfield

Is America prepared for another terrorist attack Free Essays

string(159) " Authorities are also experimenting with facial recognition software, though existing versions are of limited use in scanning crowds for suspected terrorists\." Terrorism is one of the disasters feared all over the world. America particularly is most prone to a terrorist attack than any other nation. The government has tried to come up with several measures to ensure they are ready and prepared to counter any terrorist attack that may occur, especially after the unexpected 2001 September 11th attack. We will write a custom essay sample on Is America prepared for another terrorist attack? or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, eight years later, America is still not fully prepared incase of another attack. This term paper addresses the issue of the preparedness of America in dealing with or preventing terrorist attacks. Is America prepared for another terrorist attack? Introduction The threat of terrorist events involving weapons of mass destruction is real. The September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon changed the United States forever, ushering in a host of new and unprecedented realities for the American people, for the intelligence and national security communities, for medical personnel, for private security entities, and perhaps especially for the police, fire, and emergency medical personnel. In particular, police, fire and emergency medical service personnel, the agencies and individuals most likely to be the first responders to possible terrorist attacks, faced compelling demands to adopt new strategies and tactics, to undertake new training, and to view their roles and their work in an entirely different way. This term paper aims at finding out whether the American government has prepared enough to counter another terrorist attack without experiencing the problems encountered in 2001. The police, fire and emergency medical personnel As first responders, police, fire, and emergency medical service personnel are our first line of defense in case of a terrorist attack, but the enormity and complexity of the challenges that they face makes it abundantly clear that they alone cannot bear the responsibility for ensuring our safety. Although first responders play an absolute critical role in homeland security and domestic preparedness, and although a great deal of attention and resources have already been focused on them to counter the terrorist threat, much more needs to be done. Perhaps most important, realistic potential that American people, towns, and cities may again come under attack from terrorist demands that significant system changes occur throughout the range of public agencies and private entities charged with the responsibility of ensuring public safety. For the American government to be fully prepared, it must develop and implement a broader, more coordinated, more cohesive, and more focused approach to terrorism and to weapons of mass destruction and that approach must involve new relationships between and among all of these public agencies and private entities. (Roberts, 2005) The police and the emergency workers who might be called on to respond initially to a nuclear, biological, or chemical event are not adequately trained to deal effectively with those events. This is not to say that most police and emergency workers lack any training in this area. It means that they lack the highly specific training and special expertise required to recognize and deal with many of the complex and unique threats posed by such events. At present, many also lack the special tools, gear, and protective equipment these events may require. Patrol officers, firefighters, and emergency medical service personnel who initially respond to an event involving weapons of mass destruction should not be expected to undertake the specific duties and responsibilities that are better performed by well-equipped and more highly trained specialists. (Lustick, 2006) Since they lack the necessary equipments to deal with the crisis, their primary role should be to recognize the threat, to minimize additional exposure to chemical or biological agents, to ensure safety of victims, to safeguard the scene, and to report their findings to those more competent to deal with these issues. Another primary responsibility is to minimize their own contact with the chemical of biological agent and to provide as much information as possible to ensure the safety and the effectiveness of other responding units. First responders who rush in to a weapons of mass destruction event not only risk death or serious injuries from secondary devices that may have been placed at or near the scene precisely to disable or kill rescuers, but they may also become a significant liability to other victims as well as to other responders if they become contaminated or injured themselves. Such first responders who rush in and become victims may exacerbate the overall problem, consuming precious time and resources. (Mandaville, 2009) Developing capacity to prevent terrorist attacks Surveillance, physical barriers, and advanced technology have played a prominent role in the security improvement efforts explored by most communities since the September 11th terrorist attack. For example, security cameras are keeping watch over banks, embassies, schools, and a variety of other buildings as well as traffic intersections, shopping centers, parks and many other public gathering spaces. The striking image of London subway bombers captured by the cities extensive video surveillance system and a raising sense that similar attacks could happen in the United States are renewing interest in expanding police camera of public places. The London bombings showcased the capabilities of digital video surveillance system when ,after July 7 and July 21, 2005, attacks, authorities quickly produced relatively high resolution images of the suspected bombers that benefited fast moving investigators. However, critics said that the London attacks also highlighted the limitations of camera surveillance: they did not prevent terrorist bombings in the heart of the city. (Forest, 2006) Still, even with suicide bombers, camera surveillance can help with the hunt for the terrorist cells that provide them with crucial logistical support. Emerging technologies offer even greater promise. In 2006, Chicago installed gunshot detection equipment on cameras to automatically alert authorities and point the camera in the direction of the sound. Also, New Jersey Transit has a pilot project in one station that uses computer analysis of video to alert authorities of suspicious behavior, such as someone leaving a package behind. Authorities are also experimenting with facial recognition software, though existing versions are of limited use in scanning crowds for suspected terrorists. You read "Is America prepared for another terrorist attack?" in category "Papers" In San Francisco, the mayors have been noted advocates for expanding the city’s surveillance camera program. (Alexandrov, 1996) Another example of preparedness for a terrorist attack is by the Long Beach Airport in southern Los Angeles County, which has developed a plan to implement a sophisticated wireless video surveillance platform. The airport, an alternative to Los Angeles International Airport hosts major Airlines such as Alaska Airlines, America West Airlines and Jet Blue Airways. The new wireless surveillance system’s purpose is to enable three separate Long Beach Airport security operation centers to simultaneously monitor distant sites, including secured airport areas, public parking lots, and road way tunnels. This system provides a single wireless solution for viewing, storing and managing real-time video from more than 100 cameras, becoming one of the very first wireless surveillance systems to be installed at any airport in the United States. With this integrity, security platform personnel at three locations in Long Beach (the Command and Control Centre, the Security Operations Centre, and the Security Safety Office) will be able to monitor information while viewing live video feeds at the same time from the same computer. (Fawdah etal, 2003) Video surveillance has also become a prominent feature of the nation’s passenger railways. For example, the Washington D. C. , Metro system has partnered with the Department of Homeland Security, Department of Transportation, and the Department of Justice to develop the Program for Response Options and Technology Enhancements for Chemical or Biological Terrorism (PROTECT). PROTECT combines a closed-circuit television (CCTV) system, an operations control centre, and advanced sectors to alert authorities if a terrorist releases a chemical or a biological agent on a subway platform or in a train. Preparing Americans Psychologists are beginning to have a stronger appreciation of the fact that humans are extremely resilient, even in times of crisis. Accordingly, the American government should also try to nurture the quality of resilience in its citizens. More recent work has considered how this concept has relevance, not just for adults, but also for communities, particularly in the wake of a disaster; it is argued that community resilience can be nurtured through readiness, response and recovery phases of a disaster. So, for instance, by minimizing the subject fear of terrorism, the American government can empower its citizens to exert a greater level of confidence in their respective communities’ abilities to anticipate and respond to security threats. Ultimately, in doing so, one of the most potent weapons that terrorists possess -fear- may be squashed. (Rowitz 2005) Its also critical not to install fear in individuals when preparing for disaster, since such individuals generally ignore such messages; additionally, fear arousing information is particularly helpful when followed by practical suggestions as how to address given concerns. Some have argued that the Department of Homeland Security, along with its affiliated Web site(www. ready. gov) has failed to appropriately address individuals’ fears and the ways to nurture resilience by making extreme and often erroneous suggestions (e. g. , encouraging individuals to have a supply of antibiotics on hand) while not addressing events that have a greater likelihood of promoting panic (e. g. , how to get trampled in a crowd should a â€Å"dirty bomb† attack occur). (Ursano, etal 2003) Analysis There is no further need to speculate as to how the American government would likely respond to a terrorist attack, such as the 2001 terrorist attack. It is evident that significant work remains in order to secure the American Homeland incase of an attack or when disaster strikes. The occurrence of Hurricane Katrina was a good indicator of America’s preparedness. By the end of four days or so after Katrina struck, National Guardsmen and supplies started to pour into the city. Most, but not all, residents had been evacuated out of New Orleans and left with very uncertain futures. The rescuers were met unprepared, which led to delays in rescuing the victims. Katrina dramatically revealed the incredible degree to which we are still unable to respond and proactively anticipate disasters. However, that there have been, are, and will likely always be large gaps in protecting the American homeland should not be surprising. In a country as geographically vast as the United states, American needs to appreciate that –regardless of whether politicians may promise-every square inch of this country can not be guarded or protected at all times. Whether in a mall, on a train, at a school or in the work place, most of us are probably well aware that if someone is intent on carrying out a physical harm to others, there is a good probability that such an event will occur. Sadly, there are many instances of deadly violence that have occurred at all of the above locations and others, such as the shooting, rampage that took place in 1993 on the Long Island Railroad or the 1999 Columbine High School Massacre. There is also a difference between acts executed by one by one or two troubled individuals versus those committed by an organized group of individuals such as al Qaeda members. While we can fully eradicate the risk of single terrorists, we can certainly do more to minimize the risk posed by terrorists groups, although this risk too can never be completely eliminated. Conclusion The new realities of terrorism and weapons of mass destruction demand a new set of policies, practices and relationships among and between a host of entities and institutions charged with the responsibility to ensure public safety. The government still has a lot of work to do in readiness of effective response should another terrorist attack occur. As learnt from the experiences and lessons of the September 11th attacks on the world Trade Centre and the Pentagon, police, fire, and emergency medical services face unprecedented challenges in the future, and similar challenges confront virtually every institution in the United States. As seen in this paper, there are a lot of issues, problems and threats posed by the specter of terrorism and terrorists’ use of weapons of mass destruction. This calls for the need for highly coordinated response and recovery planning that integrates resources, skills, personnel, and capabilities of a range of public sector organizations. No plan can pretend to be perfect, there are simply too many unforeseen issues and exigencies that arise in specific events, and the planning must therefore be crafted for flexibility and adaptability. This involves nothing less than a new midst that accepts, accounts for, and takes up the challenges posed by the realities of our world. Recent studies reveal the extent and the dimension of the threat posed by weapons of mass destruction, their availability to terrorists and extremist groups, and the massive casualties that can inflict on public safety personnel and members of the public. These threats are not likely to subside, and in fact may increase. (Ackerman 2007). There is a pressing need for more and better training for the first responders to such events so that they can recognize events involving weapons of mass destructions and so that they can operate safely to minimize deaths, injuries, and damage. Similarly, there’s need for more and better equipment to help rescuers achieve their goals. This calls for a new mindset among emergency workers, and a mindset for of safety and preparedness that infiltrates all their duties and activities. In addition to anticipating and preventing terrorism, Americans need to have a better understanding of the root causes of terrorism. We should not excuse or condone the actions of terrorists. It is also naive logic to presume that terrorists are simply evil individuals and that killing such people will end the security concerns. Individuals such as al Qaeda leaders Osama bin Laden, Ayman Al-Zawahiri, and Abu Musab al-Zarqawi absolutely need to be captured or killed. References 1) Forest James J. F. (2006). Homeland Security: Public spaces and social institutions. Greenwood Publishing Group 2) Roberts Albert R. 3rd edition. (2005). Crisis intervention handbook: assessment, treatment, and research. Oxford University Press US; pg 189-198 3) Rowitz Louis (2005). Public health for the 21st century: the prepared leader. Jones Bartlett Publishers; pg 80-90 4) Lustick Ian (2006). Trapped in the war on terror. University of Pennsylvania Press; pg 8 5) Ackerman Bruce A. (2007). Before the Next Attack: Preserving Civil Liberties in an Age of Terrorism. Yale University Press; pg 114-116 6) Mandaville Michael(2009). Citizen-Soldier Handbook: 101 Ways Every American Can Fight Terrorism. Dog Ear Publishing, 2009; pg 89-95 7) Fawdah Yusri, Fielding Nick. (2003) Masterminds of terror: the truth behind the most devastating terrorist attack the world has ever seen. Arcade Publishing; pg 201 8) Alexandrov Stanimir A. (1996). Self-defense against the use of force in international law; Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; pg 181-183 9) Ursano Robert J. , Fullerton Carol S. , Norwood Ann E. (2003). Terrorism and disaster: individual and community mental health interventions. Cambridge University Press; pg 287 How to cite Is America prepared for another terrorist attack?, Papers

Animal Farm The Significance of Squealer Essay Example For Students

Animal Farm The Significance of Squealer Essay The novel Animal Farm, by George Orwell, is an allegory portraying the dangers of a totalitarian government. It seeks to show how a society where all live completely equal has not been, and cannot be achieved. Orwell, through the use of the character Squealer, shows how propaganda can affect members of a communist society in a negative way. By drawing parallels to events in communist Russia, Orwells Animal Farm illustrates how propaganda was used to control the Soviet people by deceiving them, threatening them and keeping them ignorant in an attempt to maintain order. The story uses simple language to explain and expose the corruption of communist Russia. Throughout the story, Orwell uses Squealer to illustrate how propaganda persuaded and victimized Russian citizens. Squealer is a sly, crafty pig who is not only intelligent, but a manipulative speaker as well. His cunning is key to the deception of the other animals. In chapter three, Squealer deceives the animals of the farm for the first time. The animals find out that the milk and apples are given solely to the pigs, and Squealer is sent to explain the uneven distribution of farm resources. Comrades he cried. You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? (Orwell 42) He goes on to explain, Milk and apples (this has been proved by science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig. We pigs are brainworkers (42). Here, Squealer tries to convince the animals that its for health reasons that they take the apples and milk, but he tries to persuade them in other ways as well. Squealer continues, The wh ole management and organization of this farm depend on us. It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples(42). Finally, he convinces them with fear.Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back! Yes, Jones would come back! (42) Here, Squealer frightens the animals into submission with the threat of the return of Mr. Jones, the abusive farmer that was driven out of the farm by the animals. Squealer is desperate to obtain the apples and milk and will stop at nothing to manipulate the other animals into believing that the pigs should be the sole recipients of this luxury. By masking their true intentions by misleading the animals, the pigs are soon able to acquire whatever they want with little resistance. Orwell uses Squealer to represent the Pravda, the Russian newspaper controlled by the government during Joseph Stalins regime. Orwell points out the corruption of the Soviet authority in his criticism of the propaganda used to su bdue opposition from the masses. Orwell also criticizes the monopoly of all Russian media by the government. Squealer was the messenger of the government. It was his responsibility to inform the animals of the arrangements of labor distribution and any other relevant legislation or news. Orwell establishes that a government-run publication as the only source of public information will inevitably be biased. Napoleon, Orwells representation of the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, stops his association with the animals in chapter eight. All orders were now issued through Squealer or one of the other pigs (89). Squealer is the only source of data the farm animals have. The animals have no way to dispute or question any of the statistics he delivered. There were times when it seemed to the animals that they worked longer hours and fed no better than they had in Joness day. On Sunday mornings Squealer, holding a long strip of paper with his trotter, would read out to them lists of figures proving that the production of every class of foodstuff had increased by two hundred per cent, three hundred pe r cent, or five hundred per cent as the case might be (89). Squealer is the liaison between the government and the public. Though the animals believe they are being fed the same amount as when Mr. Jones was in power, their government information source showed figures to the contrary that the populace couldnt dispute. Orwell was able to show that